Literature Reviews
Reviewed research papers, articles, and publications relevant to digital accessibility.
71 results found tagged usability.
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Immersive Virtual Reality for Older Adults: Empirically Grounded Design Guidelines
This paper establishes empirically grounded design guidelines for immersive virtual reality (IVR) experiences targeting older adults. The researchers conducted two complementary studies: first, a systematic literature review that compiled 67 design g…
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The Transparency of Automatic Web Accessibility Evaluation Tools: Design Criteria, State of the Art, and User Perception
This paper investigates a critical but often overlooked problem in web accessibility practice: the lack of transparency in automated accessibility evaluation tools. While these tools are widely used to identify WCAG violations, users frequently strug…
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Video Conferencing Tools: Comparative Study of the Experiences of Screen Reader Users and the Development of More Inclusive Design Guidelines
This comprehensive study investigates the accessibility and usability of three major video conferencing platforms—Zoom, Google Meet, and Microsoft Teams—for blind and visually impaired people using screen readers. Conducted during the COVID-19 pandem…
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Should I Trust It When I Cannot See It? Credibility Assessment for Blind Web Users
This paper examines how blind screen reader users assess the credibility of web content compared to sighted users, revealing fundamental differences in credibility assessment strategies between the two groups. Web credibility — the believability of i…
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How People with Low Vision Access Computing Devices: Understanding Challenges and Opportunities
This paper presents a contextual inquiry study examining how 11 people with low vision use mainstream computing devices (smartphones, tablets, and computers) to perform common tasks like reading email and browsing news. Low vision affects at least 3.…
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The Effects of "Not Knowing What You Don't Know" on Web Accessibility for Blind Web Users
This paper introduces and empirically investigates the concept of "Not Knowing What You Don't Know" (NKWYDK) in the context of blind web users. When a blind person encounters difficulty finding information on a web page, they face a fundamental uncer…
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Validation of a keystroke-level model for a text entry system used by people with disabilities
This paper develops and validates a keystroke-level model (KLM) to predict how much word prediction software improves text generation rates compared to letter-by-letter typing for users with and without disabilities. The keystroke-level model, origin…
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Tension, what tension?: Website accessibility and visual design
This paper from City University London directly challenges the widespread belief among web designers that accessible websites must be visually plain and boring. The researchers conducted a large-scale evaluation of 100 websites, starting with automat…
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Web accessibility: is it just a "merry-go-round"?
This position paper by Donna Smillie of the Royal National Institute of Blind People (RNIB) examines the relationship between traditional web accessibility for people with disabilities and the emerging field of mobile web accessibility. Writing at a …
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Evaluation of techniques defined in WCAG 2.0 with older people
This paper evaluates two specific WCAG 2.0 techniques — keyboard-based navigation (Guideline 2.1) and design of link purpose (Guideline 2.4) — with older people aged 65 to 80 in two real-world design projects for old-age pensioner associations in Bar…