Literature Reviews

Reviewed research papers, articles, and publications relevant to digital accessibility.

• Improved Inference and Autotyping in EEG-based BCI Typing Systems

  Andrew Fowler, Brian Roark, Umut Orhan, Deniz Erdogmus, Melanie Fried-Oken (2013) — Proceedings of the 15th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (Assets '13)

  This paper presents improvements to the RSVP Keyboard, a brain-computer interface (BCI) typing system designed for people with severe motor disabilities, particularly those with locked-in syndrome (LIS) resulting from ALS or brain stem stroke who can…

  • brain-computer interface
  • BCI
  • EEG
  • text entry
  • locked-in syndrome
  • ALS
  • AAC
  • language models
  • P300
  • assistive technology
  • motor disability

• Inspiring Blind High School Students to Pursue Computer Science with Instant Messaging Chatbots

  Jeffrey P. Bigham, Maxwell B. Aller, Jeremy T. Brudvik, Jessica O. Leung, Lindsay A. Yazzolino, Richard E. Ladner (2008) — Proceedings of the 39th SIGCSE Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education (SIGCSE '08)

  This paper describes the design and delivery of a four-day computer science workshop for fifteen blind high school students at the National Federation of the Blind Youth Slam, where two hundred blind and low vision students explored disciplines often…

  • accessible education
  • blind students
  • screen readers
  • computer science education
  • inclusive design
  • CAPTCHA
  • assistive technology
  • programming education
  • universal design

• WebInSight: Making Web Images Accessible

  Jeffrey P. Bigham, Ryan S. Kaminsky, Richard E. Ladner, Oscar M. Danielsson, Gordon L. Hempton (2006) — Proceedings of the 8th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (Assets '06)

  This paper introduces WebInSight, a system that automatically generates and inserts alternative text for web images that lack it. The authors first establish the scale of the problem through a series of web studies examining five groups of important …

  • web accessibility
  • alternative text
  • image accessibility
  • OCR
  • optical character recognition
  • transformation proxy
  • blind users
  • screen readers
  • automated labeling
  • crowdsourcing

• WebinSitu: A Comparative Analysis of Blind and Sighted Browsing Behavior

  Jeffrey P. Bigham, Anna C. Cavender, Jeremy T. Brudvik, Jacob O. Wobbrock, Richard E. Ladner (2007) — Proceedings of the 9th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (Assets '07)

  This paper presents WebinSitu, a remote in situ study comparing the web browsing behavior of 10 blind and 10 sighted users over a one-week period. The study used an advanced web proxy built on UsaProxy that injected JavaScript into viewed pages to re…

  • web accessibility
  • blind users
  • screen readers
  • browsing behavior
  • user research
  • remote study
  • coping strategies
  • alternative text
  • dynamic content
  • AJAX
  • skip links

• Accessibility Commons: A Metadata Infrastructure for Web Accessibility

  Shinya Kawanaka, Yevgen Borodin, Jeffrey P. Bigham, Darren Lunn, Hironobu Takagi, Chieko Asakawa (2008) — Proceedings of the 10th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (Assets '08)

  This paper introduces Accessibility Commons (AC), a shared metadata infrastructure designed to integrate, store, and share accessibility metadata produced by diverse research projects, assistive technologies, and individual users. The authors identif…

  • web accessibility
  • metadata
  • assistive technology
  • screen readers
  • social accessibility
  • crowdsourcing
  • alternative text
  • web transcoding

• Hunting for Headings: Sighted Labeling vs. Automatic Classification of Headings

  Jeremy T. Brudvik, Jeffrey P. Bigham, Anna C. Cavender, Richard E. Ladner (2008) — Assets '08: Proceedings of the 10th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility

  This paper investigates the problem of missing heading markup in web pages — a significant accessibility barrier for blind screen reader users who rely on heading navigation (h1-h6 tags) to quickly skip through page content rather than reading linear…

  • web accessibility
  • headings
  • screen readers
  • machine learning
  • semantic HTML
  • blind users
  • automated accessibility repair

• Real-Time Captioning by Groups of Non-Experts

  Walter Lasecki, Christopher Miller, Adam Sadilek, Andrew Abumoussa, Donato Borrello, Raja Kushalnagar, Jeffrey Bigham (2012) — UIST '12: Proceedings of the 25th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology

  This paper presents Legion:Scribe, an end-to-end system that enables groups of non-expert typists to collectively produce real-time captions for deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) people, offering a cheaper and more available alternative to professional …

  • real-time captioning
  • crowdsourcing
  • deaf and hard of hearing
  • human computation
  • text alignment
  • CART alternatives
  • assistive technology
  • speech recognition

• A Conversational Interface to Web Automation

  Tessa Lau, Julian Cerruti, Guillermo Manzato, Mateo Bengualid, Jeffrey P. Bigham, Jeffrey Nichols (2010) — UIST '10: Proceedings of the 23rd Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology

  This paper presents CoCo (CoScripter Concierge), a system that automates web tasks on a user's behalf through short textual commands delivered via low-bandwidth channels such as Twitter, SMS, email, or a command line. Given a natural language command…

  • web automation
  • conversational interfaces
  • natural language
  • intelligent assistants
  • programming by demonstration
  • task automation

• ASL-STEM Forum: Enabling Sign Language to Grow Through Online Collaboration

  Anna C. Cavender, Daniel S. Otero, Jeffrey P. Bigham, Richard E. Ladner (2010) — CHI '10: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

  This paper presents the ASL-STEM Forum, the first online video-based collaboration tool designed to help expand American Sign Language (ASL) vocabulary for Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) fields. The paper addresses a signifi…

  • American Sign Language
  • deaf education
  • STEM accessibility
  • online collaboration
  • video forums
  • language development
  • crowdsourcing

• What's New? Making Web Page Updates Accessible

  Yevgen Borodin, Jeffrey P. Bigham, Rohit Raman, I. V. Ramakrishnan (2008) — Assets '08: Proceedings of the 10th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility

  This paper introduces Dynamo, a system that makes dynamic web page content accessible to blind screen reader users by automatically detecting changes across all types of web page updates and providing a unified interface for reviewing them. The paper…

  • screen readers
  • web accessibility
  • dynamic content
  • AJAX
  • ARIA
  • blind users
  • DOM
  • JavaScript