Literature Reviews

Reviewed research papers, articles, and publications relevant to digital accessibility.

• Human-Centered Explainable AI for Brain-Computer Interface-driven Rehabilitation

  Param Rajpura (2026) — Extended Abstracts of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA ’26)

  This CHI Extended Abstract presents a doctoral research agenda developing human-centered explainable AI (HCXAI) frameworks for brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) used in stroke rehabilitation. Rajpura argues that current BCI systems prioritize technica…

  • brain-computer interface
  • explainable AI
  • stroke rehabilitation
  • aphasia
  • human-centered AI
  • participatory design
  • co-design
  • neurotechnology
  • trust calibration
  • Global South accessibility

• A Personalized and Adaptable User Interface for a Speech and Cursor Brain-Computer Interface

  Hamza Peracha, Carrina Iacobacci, Tyler Singer-Clark, Leigh R Hochberg, Sergey D. Stavisky, David M. Brandman, Nicholas S Card (2026) — Proceedings of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '26)

  This paper reports on the user interface design for an intracortical brain-computer interface (BCI) deployed for everyday at-home use by people with severe paralysis. The work centers on a 22-month longitudinal co-design study with one BrainGate2 tri…

  • brain-computer interface
  • AAC
  • ALS
  • amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
  • paralysis
  • speech neuroprosthesis
  • co-design
  • personalization
  • ability-based design
  • longitudinal deployment

• Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) for Communication and Control

  Jonathan R. Wolpaw (2007) — Proceedings of the 9th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (Assets '07)

  This keynote paper from Jonathan Wolpaw at the Wadsworth Center (New York State Department of Health) provides an overview of brain-computer interface (BCI) research aimed at developing augmentative communication and control technology for people wit…

  • brain-computer interface
  • augmentative communication
  • neuromuscular disorders
  • ALS
  • EEG
  • electrocorticography
  • assistive technology
  • locked-in syndrome

• Alternative Text Entry Using Different Input Methods

  Torsten Felzer, Rainer Nordmann (2006) — Proceedings of the 8th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (Assets '06)

  This paper presents the HaMCoS (Hands-free Mouse Control System) framework and its text entry applications, designed for people who cannot use their hands to operate a keyboard. HaMCoS works by detecting intentional muscle contractions — specifically…

  • text entry
  • motor impairment
  • alternative input
  • single switch
  • bio-signals
  • brain-computer interface
  • word completion
  • Morse code
  • hands-free
  • EMG

• A Galvanic Skin Response Interface for People with Severe Motor Disabilities

  Melody M. Moore, Umang Dua (2004) — Proceedings of the 6th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (Assets 04)

  This paper explores the use of Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) — changes in the electrical conductivity of the skin caused by sweat gland activity linked to the sympathetic nervous system — as a non-muscular input channel for people with locked-in syndr…

  • locked-in syndrome
  • galvanic skin response
  • brain-computer interface
  • biometric control
  • ALS
  • assistive technology
  • physiological computing
  • motor disability
  • biofeedback

• Human Factors Issues in the Neural Signals Direct Brain-Computer Interface

  Melody M. Moore, Philip R. Kennedy (2000) — Proceedings of the Fourth International ACM Conference on Assistive Technologies (Assets '00)

  This paper presents the software and human factors aspects of the Neural Signals direct brain-computer interface project — one of the first implanted BCI systems tested in humans. Unlike non-invasive BCIs that read EEG signals through the scalp, this…

  • brain-computer interface
  • locked-in syndrome
  • neural prosthetics
  • assistive technology
  • human-computer interaction
  • motor cortex
  • neuroplasticity
  • alternative input

• The LF-ASD Brain Computer Interface: On-Line Identification of Imagined Finger Flexions in Subjects with Spinal Cord Injuries

  Steven G. Mason, Ziba Bozorgzadeh, Gary E. Birch (2000) — Proceedings of the Fourth International ACM Conference on Assistive Technologies (Assets '00)

  This paper presents the first evaluation of the Low-Frequency Asynchronous Switch Design (LF-ASD) brain-computer interface with individuals who have high-level spinal cord injuries. The LF-ASD is a brain-controlled switch designed specifically for as…

  • brain-computer interface
  • spinal cord injury
  • EEG
  • switch access
  • motor imagery
  • assistive technology
  • asynchronous control

• Designing AAC Interfaces for Commercial Brain-Computer Interaction Gaming Hardware

  Stephen Steward (2009) — Proceedings of the 11th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (Assets '09)

  This paper explores repurposing a low-cost commercial brain-computer interface (BCI) gaming device — the OCZ Technologies Neural Impulse Actuator (NIA) — as an input device for augmentative and alternative communication (AAC). The NIA is a headband t…

  • augmentative and alternative communication
  • brain-computer interface
  • assistive technology
  • motor impairment
  • speech impairment
  • switch access
  • interface design

• Improved Inference and Autotyping in EEG-based BCI Typing Systems

  Andrew Fowler, Brian Roark, Umut Orhan, Deniz Erdogmus, Melanie Fried-Oken (2013) — Proceedings of the 15th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (Assets '13)

  This paper presents improvements to the RSVP Keyboard, a brain-computer interface (BCI) typing system designed for people with severe motor disabilities, particularly those with locked-in syndrome (LIS) resulting from ALS or brain stem stroke who can…

  • brain-computer interface
  • BCI
  • EEG
  • text entry
  • locked-in syndrome
  • ALS
  • AAC
  • language models
  • P300
  • assistive technology
  • motor disability

• Assessing Fit of Nontraditional Assistive Technologies

  Adriane B. Randolph, Melody M. Moore Jackson (2010) — ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing

  This paper addresses a critical gap in assistive technology: how to systematically match users who have severe motor disabilities with nontraditional assistive technologies (NTATs) that use physiological signals rather than physical movement for comp…

  • brain-computer interface
  • assistive technology
  • motor disabilities
  • ALS
  • locked-in syndrome
  • user profiling
  • fNIR
  • GSR