Literature Reviews

Reviewed research papers, articles, and publications relevant to digital accessibility.

• Human-Centered Explainable AI for Brain-Computer Interface-driven Rehabilitation

  Param Rajpura (2026) — Extended Abstracts of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA ’26)

  This CHI Extended Abstract presents a doctoral research agenda developing human-centered explainable AI (HCXAI) frameworks for brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) used in stroke rehabilitation. Rajpura argues that current BCI systems prioritize technica…

  • brain-computer interface
  • explainable AI
  • stroke rehabilitation
  • aphasia
  • human-centered AI
  • participatory design
  • co-design
  • neurotechnology
  • trust calibration
  • Global South accessibility

• The Perceptual Gap: Why We Need Accessible XAI for Assistive Technologies

  Shadab H. Choudhury (2026) — Extended Abstracts of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA '26)

  Choudhury (University of Maryland, Baltimore County) presents a position paper and targeted literature review arguing that explainable AI (XAI) — the body of methods that help users understand why a black-box model produced a particular output — is f…

  • explainable AI
  • XAI
  • artificial intelligence
  • blind and low vision
  • deaf and hard of hearing
  • assistive technology
  • human-centered AI
  • accessibility research
  • AI accessibility
  • position paper

• Inclusive Design of AI's Explanations: Just for Those Previously Left Out?

  Md Montaser Hamid, Fatima A. Moussaoui, Jimena Noa Guevara, Andrew Anderson, Puja Agarwal, Jonathan Dodge, Margaret Burnett (2026) — ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems

  This paper investigates whether inclusive design applied to AI explanations can produce curb-cut effects: improvements designed to help underserved users that also benefit everyone. The study centres on Explainable AI (XAI), a field concerned with he…

  • explainable AI
  • inclusive design
  • GenderMag
  • mental models
  • XAI
  • accessibility
  • curb-cut effect
  • gender inclusivity
  • AI overreliance
  • problem-solving styles

• Toward Effective Communication of AI-Based Decisions in Assistive Tools: Conveying Confidence and Doubt to People with Visual Impairments at Accelerated Speech

  Taslima Akter, Manohar Swaminathan, Apu Kapadia (2024) — Proceedings of the 21st International Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This paper investigates how people with visual impairments (PVIs) perceive confidence and doubt in speakers' voices when audio is played at accelerated speeds — a critical question because AI-based assistive tools (scene descriptors, facial recogniti…

  • visual impairments
  • artificial intelligence
  • speech processing
  • screen readers
  • assistive technology
  • explainable AI
  • accelerated speech
  • trust

• Designing Accessible, Explainable AI (XAI) Experiences

  Christine T. Wolf, Kathryn E. Ringland (2020) — SIGACCESS Accessibility and Computing

  This paper examines the intersection of explainable AI (XAI) and accessibility, identifying two primary concerns that the XAI field has largely overlooked. The first concern is accessibility at the XAI interface itself. While XAI techniques like visu…

  • explainable AI
  • accessibility
  • aging in place
  • mental health
  • digital mental health
  • XAI
  • cognitive accessibility
  • inclusive design

• Misfitting With AI: How Blind People Verify and Contest AI Errors

  Rahaf Alharbi, Pa Lor, Jaylin Herskovitz, Sarita Schoenebeck, Robin N. Brewer (2024) — ASSETS '24: Proceedings of the 26th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility

  This paper presents an in-depth qualitative study with 26 blind participants examining how they encounter, verify, and contest errors produced by AI-enabled visual assistance technologies (AI VAT) such as Seeing AI, Be My Eyes, and ChatGPT. While bli…

  • blind users
  • artificial intelligence
  • visual assistance technology
  • explainable AI
  • AI errors
  • verification
  • responsible AI
  • disability studies
  • misfitting