Glossary
Searchable terminology from accessibility, web standards, and related fields.
29 results found in Multimedia Accessibility.
- Affective Captions (Affective Captioning, Emotive Captions)
- Captions that convey not only the spoken words but also the emotional qualities of speech — such as valence (positive vs. negative tone) and arousal (intensity) — typically through typographic modulat…
- Ambient Audio (Ambient Sound, Environmental Audio, Background Audio)
- The background sound of an environment — voices, traffic, water, wind, music, birdsong — captured incidentally rather than as the main focus of a recording. In accessible photography and audiophotogra…
- Audio Description (AD, Descriptive Video, Video Description, Described Video)
- A narration track added to video content that describes important visual information for people who are blind or have low vision. Audio descriptions are inserted during natural pauses in dialogue and …
- Audio Description Script (AD Script, Video Description Script, Described Video Script)
- An audio description script is the written text that forms the basis of an audio description track for video content. The script contains narration that describes visual elements — including actions, …
- Audio Interference (Audio Conflict, Speech Conflict)
- Audio interference in a digital accessibility context is the overlap of two or more sound streams in a user's environment such that one masks another — most commonly, auto-playing media audio on a web…
- Audiophotography (Audiophotograph, Audio Photograph, Sound Photograph)
- A medium proposed by Frohlich and Tallyn in which a photograph is packaged together with an associated audio recording — typically ambient sound captured at the moment of the shutter, a spoken caption…
- Captioning (Captions, Subtitles for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing, SDH)
- The process of displaying synchronized text on screen that represents spoken dialogue, sound effects, and other audio information in video content. Unlike subtitles, captions are specifically designed…
- Extended Audio Description (Extended Description)
- A form of audio description in which the video playback is paused to allow time for a description that would not otherwise fit within natural gaps in the audio track. Extended audio descriptions are u…
- Facial Avatar (Singing head, Talking head avatar)
- A digital, animated representation of a face — typically rendered as a 3D or stylized 2D character from the neck up — driven by audio, video, or data signals to produce expressive facial behavior such…
- Frame Rate (Frames Per Second, FPS, Frame Frequency)
- Frame rate is the number of still images (frames) displayed or captured per second in a video stream, usually measured in frames per second (fps). Common values include 24 fps (cinema), 30 fps (US bro…
- HTML5 Track Element (<track> Element, Track Tag, HTML Track)
- The HTML5 <track> element is used to specify timed text tracks for <video> and <audio> elements, providing a standardized way to associate captions, subtitles, descriptions, chapters, and metadata wit…
- Media Fragments (Media Fragments URI, Media Fragment Identifier)
- Media Fragments is a W3C specification that defines a standard syntax for addressing specific portions of audio and video resources on the web using URI fragment identifiers. It allows users and appli…
- Music Visualization (Music visualisers, Visual music)
- The representation of musical content — pitch, rhythm, timbre, dynamics, melody, lyrics, or emotion — through visual rather than auditory channels. Visualizations range from abstract mappings of audio…
- Narrative Engagement (Story Engagement)
- A multidimensional construct used in media studies and HCI research to capture how deeply a viewer is drawn into a story, including narrative understanding, attentional focus, narrative presence (the …
- Photo Sharing (Photograph Sharing, Image Sharing)
- The activity of showing, distributing, or discussing photographs with others — in person, via email, or through social-networking platforms. As a social practice it conveys memories, experiences, and …
- Quality of Perception (QoP)
- An evaluation framework from the multimedia-accessibility research literature for measuring how well a user can understand and use a media presentation, combining objective comprehension metrics (e.g.…
- Redundancy Principle
- A principle from the Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning stating that people learn better from graphics and narration than from graphics, narration, and on-screen text presenting the same words, b…
- SRT (SubRip, SubRip Text, SRT Subtitle Format)
- SRT (SubRip Text) is a widely used plain-text subtitle file format originally created by the SubRip software for extracting subtitles from DVDs. An SRT file contains sequentially numbered subtitle ent…
- Split Attention Effect (Split Attention)
- A cognitive load phenomenon in multimedia learning where learners must divide visual attention between two or more sources of information that should be integrated - for example captions at the bottom…
- Streaming Media (Streaming Audio, Streaming Video, Media Streaming)
- Streaming media is audio or video content delivered to a user in a continuous flow from a server, played back as it arrives rather than waiting for a complete download. Because streaming content produ…