Glossary
Searchable terminology from accessibility, web standards, and related fields.
229 results found in Research Methods.
- Forced Alignment (Phonetic Alignment, Phone-Level Alignment)
- Forced alignment is an automatic speech processing technique that aligns a speech recording with its known transcription at the phoneme or word level. Unlike free speech recognition which determines t…
- Frenchay Aphasia Screening Test (FAST)
- A brief, standardized assessment tool used to screen for the presence and severity of aphasia in stroke survivors and others with acquired language impairments. The FAST evaluates four language areas:…
- Friedman Test (Friedman Rank Test)
- The Friedman test is a non-parametric statistical test used to detect differences across three or more related samples - for example, the same participants rating three interface conditions. It ranks …
- Future Workshop
- A participatory research method developed by Jungk and Mullert in 1987 that supports collective reflection and idea generation about possible futures. A Future Workshop typically unfolds in phases: cr…
- Gait Analysis (Gait Assessment, Walking Analysis)
- The systematic study of human locomotion using observation, measurement, and analysis of body mechanics during walking. Gait analysis measures parameters such as stride length, step duration, joint an…
- Galvanic Skin Response (GSR, Electrodermal Activity, EDA, Skin Conductance)
- A physiological measurement technique that detects changes in the electrical conductance of the skin caused by sweat gland activity. Because sweat glands are controlled by the sympathetic nervous syst…
- Gold-Standard Evaluation (Gold Standard, Reference Standard Evaluation)
- An evaluation methodology in natural language processing and generation where system output is compared against a set of pre-established correct or ideal responses. In text-based systems, gold-standar…
- Grasp Aperture (Hand Aperture, Finger Aperture)
- Grasp aperture is the distance between the thumb and opposing finger(s) as the hand opens to receive an object during a reach. It scales with perceived object size, peaks before contact at a value typ…
- Haptic Experience Model (HX Model, HX)
- A framework proposed by Kim and Schneider for evaluating user experience with haptic technologies along five perceptual-experiential dimensions: autotelics (the pleasantness of the sensation), realism…
- Heavy Disguise
- A research-ethics technique introduced by Amy Bruckman (2002) for handling quotes and user-generated content drawn from public online spaces. Under heavy disguise the researcher rephrases quotations, …
- Hierarchical Task Analysis (HTA)
- A structured method for describing and analyzing tasks by breaking them down into goals, sub-goals, and operations in a hierarchical tree structure. Originally developed for industrial and safety-crit…
- Hornbostel-Sachs Classification (Hornbostel-Sachs System, Sachs-Hornbostel)
- A comprehensive system for classifying musical instruments based on how they produce sound, originally developed by Erich von Hornbostel and Curt Sachs in 1914. The system divides instruments into fou…
- Human Computation (Crowdsourced Computing)
- A computational approach that harnesses human intelligence to perform tasks that computers cannot easily accomplish alone. In accessibility contexts, human computation powers services like remote sigh…
- Human Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (HFMEA, Human FMEA)
- An adaptation of Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) that focuses specifically on human performance and error. HFMEA systematically examines each step in a process to identify how humans might f…
- Human-computer interaction (HCI, Human-machine interaction)
- The interdisciplinary study of the design, evaluation, and use of interactive computing systems by humans, drawing on computer science, psychology, design, and social science. HCI research encompasses…
- Human-in-the-Loop (HITL)
- An approach to AI system design and evaluation that incorporates human judgment, feedback, and oversight at critical points in automated processes. In accessibility contexts, human-in-the-loop methodo…
- In Situ Study (Field Study, In-the-Wild Study, Remote Study)
- An in situ study is a research method where participants are observed or data is collected in their natural environment rather than in a controlled laboratory setting. In accessibility research, in si…
- In-Situ Deployment (In-Situ Study, Field Deployment Study)
- A research methodology in which a functional prototype or product is installed on participants' own devices and used in their everyday environment over days, weeks, or months, rather than in a control…
- In-Situ Intervention (in-context intervention, just-in-time intervention)
- An in-situ intervention is a technological or design feature that is invoked within a user's existing workflow and context, rather than requiring them to switch to a separate application or interrupt …
- Information Power
- A sample-adequacy principle for qualitative research, proposed by Malterud, Siersma, and Guassora (2016), which holds that the more information a study sample holds that is relevant to the research qu…