Glossary
Searchable terminology from accessibility, web standards, and related fields.
6660 terms — page 204 of 333
- OCR (Optical Character Recognition)
- Technology that converts images of text into machine-readable text. In accessibility contexts, OCR is used by visual assistance technologies and screen readers to read printed text from photos, signs,…
- OCR (Optical Character Recognition) (OCR, Optical Character Recognition, Text Recognition)
- A computer-vision technology that converts images of printed, handwritten, or on-screen text into machine-readable character data. OCR is foundational to a wide range of accessibility tools: extractin…
- OLAP (On-line Analytical Processing, Online Analytical Processing, Data Cube)
- OLAP (on-line analytical processing) is a class of database technology that organises data into multi-dimensional 'cubes' — for example, sensor-firing counts indexed by room, time zone, day of week, a…
- OM Principle (Object Model Principle)
- A design principle for accessible digital content stating that any digital object is made more accessible by using the application's designated object model for that content rather than visual workaro…
- OOXML (Open Office XML, Office Open XML, ECMA-376)
- An XML-based file format standard for representing documents, spreadsheets, presentations, and charts in Microsoft Office applications (Word, Excel, PowerPoint). Introduced in Office 2007, OOXML files…
- OPTIMAL-EM (Optimised Evaluation Methodology)
- A web accessibility evaluation methodology proposed by Hambley, Yesilada, Vigo, and Harper to complement the W3C's WCAG-EM by providing a statistically grounded, complexity-driven method for selecting…
- ORBIT Dataset (Object Recognition for Blind Image Training)
- A disability-first machine learning dataset for teachable object recognition, contributed by people who are blind or have low vision. The original ORBIT dataset (Massiceti et al., 2021) contains 3,822…
- OSARA (Open Source Accessibility for the REAPER Application)
- An open-source extension for the REAPER digital audio workstation that significantly improves its accessibility for screen reader users. OSARA adds enhanced spoken feedback for track and item properti…
- OWL (Web Ontology Language, OWL 2)
- The Web Ontology Language (OWL) is a W3C standard for defining and instantiating formal ontologies on the web, enabling machines to interpret the meaning and relationships of information rather than j…
- Obfuscation (Content Obfuscation, Visual Obfuscation)
- AI-enabled techniques that automatically detect and remove or conceal private content in images and videos by applying filters such as blurring, masking, or blocking. In the context of visual assistan…
- Object Detection (Object Recognition)
- A computer vision technique that identifies and locates specific objects within images or video frames, typically by drawing bounding boxes around detected items and classifying them. In video accessi…
- Object Hierarchy (Object Group, Hierarchical Object Organization)
- A structured organization of objects into parent-child relationships that allows users to navigate from high-level categories to increasingly specific details. In accessible virtual environments, obje…
- Object Localisation (Object Localization, Spatial Localisation)
- The process of determining the position and location of an object within a physical or virtual space. In accessibility, object localisation is a key challenge for blind and visually impaired users int…
- Object Permanence
- The cognitive understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be directly perceived through sight, sound, or touch. This developmental milestone, typically achieved in infancy for s…
- Object Recognition (Object Detection)
- A computer vision capability that identifies and classifies objects within images or video frames. In visual assistance technologies, object recognition enables automated description of what the camer…
- Object Status Recognition (Object State Recognition, Object Transformation Detection)
- The computer vision task of identifying the current condition or transformation state of objects, such as whether an ingredient is raw, chopped, sauteed, or blended. Object status recognition goes bey…
- Object recognition (Object detection, Image classification)
- A computer vision task in which a system identifies and labels objects within images or video, often using deep learning models trained on large datasets. For blind and low-vision users, object recogn…
- Object-Based Audio (OBA, Object-Based Broadcasting)
- An audio production and delivery paradigm in which speech, music, effects, and ambience are transmitted as discrete objects with metadata describing their role and relationships, rather than as a sing…
- Object-Based Cropping (Semantic Cropping, Object-Aware Cropping)
- An image cropping approach that allows users to select which objects to keep in an image rather than specifying pixel coordinates or spatial boundaries. Object-based cropping uses computer vision to i…
- Object-oriented analysis and design (OOA, OOD, OOAD)
- A software engineering methodology that describes complex systems in terms of related, cooperating entities (objects) rather than as sequences of procedures. For example, a user interface can be model…