Glossary
Searchable terminology from accessibility, web standards, and related fields.
6660 terms — page 208 of 333
- OpenMath
- An XML-based standard for representing mathematical objects and their semantics in a machine-readable format. Unlike MathML, which has both presentation (visual layout) and content (semantic structure…
- OpenPose
- An open-source computer vision library developed by Carnegie Mellon University that detects human body, hand, facial, and foot keypoints in real-time from images or video. OpenPose extracts 25 body ke…
- OpenSCAD
- An open-source, code-based 3-D computer-aided design (CAD) application that uses a scripting language to define 3-D models through constructive solid geometry operations. Unlike visual modeling tools,…
- OpenStreetMap (OSM)
- A free, collaborative, open-source mapping project that provides geographic data including roads, buildings, and points of interest, contributed and maintained by volunteers worldwide. OpenStreetMap i…
- OpenType (OpenType Font)
- A font format developed by Microsoft and Adobe that supports advanced typographic features including glyph substitution (GSUB) and glyph positioning (GPOS). OpenType fonts are critical for correctly r…
- OpenXR
- An open, royalty-free standard developed by the Khronos Group that provides a unified API for accessing VR and AR platforms and devices. OpenXR lets XR applications run across different headsets (Meta…
- Operant Conditioning (Instrumental Conditioning, Operant Learning)
- A learning process in which behaviour is modified by its consequences — specifically, by reinforcement (rewards that increase the likelihood of the behaviour) or punishment (consequences that decrease…
- Opportunistic Accessibility (Opportunistic Accessibility Improvement)
- Opportunistic accessibility is an approach to improving digital accessibility in which enhancements are automatically applied to the maximum extent possible without causing negative side effects. Rath…
- Optacon (Optical-to-Tactile Converter)
- A historical assistive device developed in the 1970s that enabled blind people to read printed text by converting visual images of letters into tactile vibration patterns felt with the fingertip. User…
- Optic Ataxia (Visuomotor Ataxia)
- A neurological condition characterised by impaired reaching for objects using visual guidance, despite having adequate vision and motor strength. People with optic ataxia can see an object and describ…
- Optic Flow (Visual Flow, Optical Flow)
- The pattern of apparent motion of objects, surfaces, and edges in a visual scene caused by relative movement between the observer and the scene. Optic flow provides critical information about self-mot…
- Optic Nerve Hypoplasia (ONH)
- A congenital condition in which the optic nerve is underdeveloped, resulting in varying degrees of vision loss from mild visual impairment to complete blindness. It is one of the most common causes of…
- Optic Neuropathy (Optic Nerve Disease)
- Damage to the optic nerve that can result in vision loss, including reduced visual acuity, impaired color vision, and visual field defects. Optic neuropathy can be caused by various conditions includi…
- Optic atrophy (Optic nerve atrophy)
- A condition involving damage to the optic nerve that results in partial or complete loss of vision. The optic nerve carries visual information from the eye to the brain, and when its fibers degenerate…
- Optical Braille Recognition (OBR)
- A technology that uses cameras or optical sensors to detect and interpret embossed Braille characters, converting them into digital text. Optical Braille recognition works by capturing images of Brail…
- Optical Character Recognition (OCR, Text Recognition)
- Technology that converts images of text—whether typed, handwritten, or printed—into machine-readable text data. OCR is used in accessibility to extract text from images, documents, video frames, and r…
- Optical Character Recognition (OCR) (OCR, Text Recognition)
- Technology that converts images of text — such as scanned documents, photographs of signs, or PDF pages stored as images — into machine-readable text that can be processed by screen readers, search en…
- Optical Flow
- A computer vision method that estimates the apparent motion of objects between consecutive video frames by tracking pixel displacement patterns. Optical flow calculates velocity vectors showing moveme…
- Optical Music Recognition (OMR)
- Computer vision technology that automatically converts images of printed or handwritten music notation into machine-readable digital formats such as musicXML. OMR is analogous to OCR (Optical Characte…
- Opticon (Optical-to-Tactile Converter)
- An early assistive technology device developed by Dr. James Bliss in the 1960s that converts printed text into a tactile vibrating pattern that can be read with the fingertip. The Opticon uses a small…