Glossary
Searchable terminology from accessibility, web standards, and related fields.
6660 terms — page 213 of 333
- Parametric design (Parametric modeling)
- A design approach in which objects are defined by adjustable parameters (dimensions, angles, ratios) rather than direct geometric manipulation, allowing users to customize designs by changing numerica…
- Paraplegia
- A condition resulting from injury to the thoracic, lumbar, or sacral segments of the spinal cord, causing partial or complete loss of motor function and sensation in the legs, pelvis, and trunk while …
- Parasocial Relationship (Parasocial Tie, Parasocial Interaction)
- A parasocial relationship is a one-sided emotional bond that a media audience forms with a performer, creator, or online personality — the viewer feels a sense of friendship, loyalty, and familiarity …
- Paratransit (Demand-responsive transit, Dial-a-ride)
- A flexible, on-demand public transportation service that provides rides to people with disabilities who are unable to use fixed-route bus or rail systems. In the United States, the Americans with Disa…
- Parcel Locker (Package Locker, Smart Locker, Delivery Locker)
- A self-service pickup cabinet where e-commerce parcels are deposited by couriers and retrieved by recipients using a code, QR scan, or mobile-app unlock. Parcel lockers are increasingly mandatory in a…
- Parents with Visual Impairments (PVI, Blind Parents, Visually Impaired Parents)
- Parents with visual impairments (PVI) are blind or low-vision adults raising children, who are often sighted. PVI face distinctive parenting challenges that go beyond individual functional compensatio…
- Paresis (Partial Paralysis)
- A partial loss of voluntary muscle movement, distinguished from full paralysis (plegia). Paresis can affect a single limb (monoparesis), one side of the body (hemiparesis), or all four limbs (tetrapar…
- Pareto Principle (80/20 Rule, Law of the Vital Few)
- The empirical observation, named after economist Vilfredo Pareto, that in many systems roughly 80% of effects come from 20% of causes. In crowdsourcing and volunteer communities, the principle predict…
- Parkinson's Disease (PD)
- A progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting movement, including tremor, rigidity, slowness of movement, and balance problems. Parkinson's disease can also significantly affect speech (causing q…
- Parkinsonian Tremor (Rest Tremor, Parkinson Tremor)
- Parkinsonian tremor is an involuntary, rhythmic shaking that occurs primarily at rest and is associated with Parkinson's disease. It is caused by the reciprocal activation of antagonistic muscle group…
- Paro (Paro Robot, Paro Seal)
- A socially assistive robot shaped like a baby harp seal, developed by Japan's National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, designed to provide companionship and therapeutic engage…
- Part of Speech (POS, Word Class, POS Tag)
- A grammatical category assigned to each word (or, in signed languages, each sign) in a sentence — such as noun, verb, adjective, adverb, pronoun, preposition, or conjunction. Automatic part-of-speech …
- Part-of-Speech (POS, Word Class, Lexical Category)
- The grammatical category of a word — noun, verb, adjective, adverb, preposition, pronoun, conjunction, determiner, and so on. Part-of-speech labels are the basic output of part-of-speech tagging and a…
- Part-of-Speech Tagging (POS Tagging, Grammatical Tagging)
- Part-of-speech tagging is the natural-language-processing task of labelling each word in a text with its grammatical category — noun, verb, adjective, and so on — using context from surrounding words.…
- Partial Automation (Adaptive Automation)
- An accessibility technique in digital games and interactive systems where the system automatically performs actions or controls mechanics that a user cannot execute due to a disability, while leaving …
- Partial Trisomy 9p (9p Duplication Syndrome, Rethore Syndrome)
- A rare chromosomal condition in which a portion of the short arm of chromosome 9 is present in triplicate rather than in duplicate. The condition is associated with intellectual disability, distinctiv…
- Partial disclosure (Curated disclosure, Selective information sharing)
- A disclosure strategy in which individuals share some information about their disability or neurodivergence while withholding specific details, often framing their needs in more socially accepted term…
- Participant Recruitment (Research Recruitment, Subject Recruitment)
- The process of identifying, inviting, and enrolling individuals to participate in research studies. In accessibility research, participant recruitment presents unique challenges including ensuring int…
- Participant Verification (Eligibility Verification, Screening Verification)
- The process of confirming that research participants genuinely meet a study's eligibility criteria, particularly regarding disability status. Verification is complicated by multiple factors: different…
- Participant pool (User pool, Research panel, Participant registry)
- A pre-established database of individuals who have expressed willingness to participate in research studies, maintained with demographic information, contact details, and often cognitive or ability as…