Glossary
Searchable terminology from accessibility, web standards, and related fields.
6660 terms — page 212 of 333
- Pain Invalidation (chronic pain disbelief, pain dismissal)
- The experience of having one's pain dismissed, disbelieved, or minimised by others, including healthcare professionals, family members, and social contacts. Pain invalidation is a pervasive barrier fo…
- Pain Self-Management (chronic pain self-management)
- A person-centred approach to living with chronic pain in which the individual takes an active role in managing their own condition through daily coping strategies, behavioural adaptations, and use of …
- Pair Programming (Paired Programming, PP)
- A software development practice where two programmers work together at one workstation, with one writing code (the "driver") and the other reviewing each line as it is typed (the "navigator" or "obser…
- Palm Drawing (Palm Mapping, Palm Tracing)
- A technique used by Orientation and Mobility (O&M) specialists to teach routes to people who are blind or have low vision. The instructor holds the person's palm face up and traces the path of a route…
- Panel Transition Cue (Scene Transition Cue, Panel Change Signal)
- An auditory signal used in audio-described comics and webtoons to indicate that the narrative has moved to a new panel, scene, or page. Panel transition cues help visually impaired listeners maintain …
- Panning (Screen Panning, Viewport Panning)
- The act of moving the visible area of a screen magnifier or viewport across a webpage or application to view content that extends beyond the currently displayed portion. For screen-magnifier users, pa…
- Pantograph (Haptic Pantograph)
- A haptic input device that allows users to explore a two-dimensional surface by physically moving a stylus or finger pad across an exploration area, while receiving tactile feedback from an attached t…
- Paper Prototyping (Lo-Fi Prototyping, Low-Fidelity Prototyping)
- A rapid design technique that uses paper, cardboard, and other simple materials to create tangible representations of product concepts before investing in digital or electronic implementation. Paper p…
- Para Powerlifting (Adaptive Powerlifting, Paralympic Powerlifting)
- A Paralympic strength sport in which athletes with physical disabilities perform bench press lifts. Unlike able-bodied powerlifting which includes squat, bench press, and deadlift, para powerlifting f…
- Para-Athlete (Disabled Athlete, Adaptive Athlete)
- An athlete with a disability who competes in adaptive or Paralympic sports. Para-athletes may have physical disabilities (amputations, spinal cord injuries, cerebral palsy), visual impairments, or int…
- Paradox of the Active User
- The Paradox of the Active User, identified by Carroll and Rosson (1987), refers to the observation that computer users systematically avoid investing time in learning more efficient tools or methods, …
- Paralinguistic Cues (Paralanguage, Paralinguistic Features, Non-verbal Vocal Cues)
- Aspects of spoken communication that carry meaning beyond the literal words themselves: tone of voice, pitch contour, loudness, rhythm, tempo, stress, pauses, and voice quality. Paralinguistic cues co…
- Paralinguistic Features (Prosodic Cues, Non-Verbal Speech Features)
- Aspects of spoken communication that convey meaning beyond the literal words, including pitch, loudness, rhythm, tone, and emotional affect. These features are critical for understanding speaker inten…
- Parallax (Visual Parallax, Binocular Parallax)
- Parallax is the apparent displacement or difference in position of an object when viewed from two different vantage points. In human vision, binocular parallax — the slight difference between the imag…
- Parallel Play (Parallel Activity)
- A form of social interaction where individuals engage in separate activities alongside each other without direct interaction. Originally described in child development research by Mildred Parten in 19…
- Parallel Viewing (Dual-Screen Viewing)
- A media consumption strategy in which viewers use a second screen alongside the primary display to access supplementary information, accessibility features, or alternative content representations with…
- Paralympic (Paralympic Games, Paralympics)
- The international multi-sport event for athletes with physical, visual, and intellectual disabilities, organized in parallel with the Olympic Games. The first organized Paralympic Games took place in …
- Paralysis (Paralyzed, Paresis)
- The partial or complete loss of voluntary muscle function, resulting from damage to the motor nervous system. Common causes include spinal cord injury, stroke, traumatic brain injury, motor neuron dis…
- Parameter Mapping Sonification (Parameter Mapping, Auditory Parameter Mapping)
- A sonification technique that represents changes in data dimensions through corresponding changes in auditory dimensions such as pitch, loudness, timbre, spatial position (panning), tempo, or reverber…
- Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT, Lightweight Fine-Tuning)
- Parameter-efficient fine-tuning is a family of techniques (LoRA, adapters, prefix tuning, prompt tuning) that adapt a large pretrained model to a new task or domain by updating only a small fraction o…