Glossary
Searchable terminology from accessibility, web standards, and related fields.
6660 terms — page 214 of 333
- Participant pool bias (Sampling bias, Recruitment bias)
- Systematic distortion in research findings caused by the demographic characteristics and backgrounds of study participants, rather than by the technology or intervention being evaluated. In accessibil…
- Participant-led research (User-led research)
- A research methodology in which participants — particularly those from marginalized or underrepresented groups — take an active role in directing the research process, shaping study protocols, and det…
- Participatory AI (Community-Centered AI, Participatory Machine Learning)
- An approach to artificial intelligence development that actively involves the communities affected by AI systems in defining problems, setting priorities, designing solutions, collecting data, evaluat…
- Participatory Action Research (PAR, Action Research)
- A collaborative research methodology that involves participants as co-researchers in identifying problems, designing solutions, and implementing changes. In accessibility research, PAR ensures people …
- Participatory Captioning
- A framework proposed by Nguyen et al. (2026) that characterises social media video captioning as a collaborative, community-sustained infrastructure co-produced by viewers, creators, and platforms — r…
- Participatory Design (PD, Co-Design Process)
- A design approach originating in Scandinavian workplace democracy that involves end users as active, equal partners in the design process, not merely as research subjects or consultants. In accessibil…
- Participatory Design (Co-Design, Cooperative Design, PD)
- A design methodology that actively involves end users as partners in the design process rather than passive subjects of user testing. In accessibility contexts, participatory design is particularly im…
- Participatory Design (PD, Cooperative Design, Scandinavian Design)
- A design approach originating in Scandinavian workplace democracy movements that emphasizes the direct involvement of people in the design of technologies and systems that affect them. Participatory d…
- Participatory Design with Proxies (PDwP, Proxy Design)
- A variation of participatory design in which people who are familiar with target users or who closely resemble them are included in the design process as proxy participants. Proxies — such as parents,…
- Participatory Evaluation (PE)
- A research approach in which the people affected by a program, technology, or intervention are actively involved in evaluating it, rather than being passive subjects of assessment. In accessibility re…
- Participatory Research (Participatory Design Research, Participatory Action Research)
- Research methodologies that actively involve the communities being studied as partners in the research process, from defining research questions to collecting data to interpreting findings. In accessi…
- Participatory Speculative Design (PSD, Social Dreaming)
- A design research approach that combines speculative design — imagining alternative futures and artifacts that do not yet exist — with participatory methods that position community members, particular…
- Participatory design (Co-design, PD, Cooperative design)
- A design methodology originating from Scandinavian workplace practices in the 1970s in which end users, stakeholders, and designers collaborate as equal partners throughout the design process. In acce…
- Particle Filtering (Sequential Monte Carlo, Particle Filter)
- Particle filtering is a probabilistic localization technique that estimates a user's position by maintaining a cloud of weighted "particles," each representing a possible location. As new sensor data …
- Particle filter (Sequential Monte Carlo, Monte Carlo localization)
- A probabilistic algorithm that estimates a user's position by maintaining a set of weighted hypothetical locations (particles) and updating them based on sensor observations such as Bluetooth beacon s…
- Partner Training (Communication Partner Training, Interlocutor Training)
- Education and coaching provided to the communication partners of AAC users to help them interact more effectively and supportively. Partner training covers strategies like allowing adequate time for r…
- Passing (Passing as non-disabled, Neurotypical passing)
- The act of concealing one's disability or neurodivergence to be perceived as non-disabled or neurotypical by others. Passing can be a deliberate strategy to avoid stigma, discrimination, or unwanted a…
- Passive Accessibility Sensing (Automatic Barrier Detection, Breadcrumb Sensing)
- A data collection approach that uses smartphone sensors (GPS, accelerometers, gyroscopes) to automatically detect potential accessibility barriers in the physical environment without requiring active …
- Passive Exploration (System-Directed Presentation)
- An interaction paradigm in non-visual interfaces where a complete representation of information is presented to the user all at once, rather than being discovered through user-directed navigation. In …
- Passive Haptic Feedback (Passive tactile feedback)
- Tactile information provided to a user by the inherent physical properties of a device or interface, without any active actuation. Examples include the raised bezel around a touch screen, the tactile …