Glossary
Searchable terminology from accessibility, web standards, and related fields.
6660 terms — page 26 of 333
- ArUco Marker (ArUco Fiducial)
- A square fiducial marker composed of a black border and an inner binary pattern that encodes a unique ID, designed for fast, robust pose estimation from a single camera image. ArUco markers are widely…
- Arabic Accessibility (Arabic Language Accessibility, RTL Accessibility)
- Accessibility considerations specific to Arabic language content and Arabic-speaking users. Arabic presents unique challenges for digital accessibility: the script is written right-to-left (RTL), requ…
- Area Pointing (Point and Click, Mouse Pointing)
- Area pointing is the conventional target-acquisition paradigm in graphical user interfaces, in which the user must move a cursor inside a confined two-dimensional target region and then execute a clic…
- Area of Interest (AOI, Region of Interest, ROI)
- A defined region within a visual stimulus (such as a screen, webpage, or video frame) that researchers designate for analysis in an eye-tracking study. AOIs allow researchers to quantify how much visu…
- Aria-Live (ARIA Live Region, Live Region)
- An ARIA attribute (aria-live) used to designate regions of a web page whose content may change dynamically, ensuring that assistive technologies announce updates to users without requiring them to nav…
- Arousal (Emotional Arousal, Activation)
- In affect and emotion research, arousal is the dimension of emotional experience that describes activation or energy level — how calm or excited a state feels — independent of whether the emotion is p…
- Art Accessibility (Artwork Accessibility, Cultural Accessibility)
- The practice of making visual art, museums, galleries, and cultural experiences accessible to people with disabilities. Art accessibility encompasses a range of approaches including tactile reproducti…
- Art Therapy (Creative Arts Therapy, Arts Therapy)
- A form of psychotherapy that uses creative art-making as the primary mode of expression and communication. Art therapy is facilitated by trained therapists and can involve painting, drawing, collage, …
- Artboard (Canvas, Slide Canvas, 2-D Canvas)
- An artboard is a two-dimensional digital workspace used in presentation software (PowerPoint, Google Slides, Keynote), graphic design tools, and whiteboard applications where objects like text boxes, …
- Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM)
- A tangle of abnormal blood vessels connecting arteries and veins directly, bypassing the normal capillary network. AVMs most often occur in the brain or spinal cord and can rupture, causing hemorrhagi…
- Arthritis
- A group of conditions involving inflammation of the joints, causing pain, stiffness, swelling, and reduced range of motion. The most common forms are osteoarthritis (degenerative joint disease) and rh…
- Articulation (Speech Articulation, Articulation Skills)
- The physical production of speech sounds through coordinated movement of the articulators—tongue, lips, teeth, palate, jaw, and respiratory system. Articulation disorders occur when a person has diffi…
- Articulation Disorder (speech sound disorder, phonological disorder)
- A speech impairment characterized by difficulty producing speech sounds or phonemes correctly. Articulation disorders are classified into three categories: organic (caused by hearing loss or structura…
- Articulation Work (Care Articulation, Need Articulation)
- The often invisible labor of putting thoughts, needs, and feelings into words, particularly in care relationships. Articulation work involves expressing what support is needed, coordinating care activ…
- Artifact (PDF artifact, Background artifact)
- In PDF accessibility, an artifact is content that is marked as decorative or non-essential and should be ignored by assistive technologies. Examples include page numbers, headers/footers, decorative i…
- Artifact Contribution (System Contribution, Technical Contribution)
- A type of research contribution in HCI that involves the creation of a new system, tool, interface, or technology prototype. Artifact contributions are the most common type in reading support technolo…
- Artificial Eye (Eye Model, Optical Eye Model)
- A physical device constructed from optical components to simulate the optical properties of a human eye. Typically consisting of a lens, adjustable aperture (simulating the iris), and an image sensor …
- Artificial Intelligence (AI)
- Computer systems designed to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence, including visual perception, speech recognition, decision-making, and language translation. In accessibility, AI p…
- Artistic Ownership (Creative Ownership, Authorial Agency)
- The sense of being the authentic creator of one's own artwork, encompassing both the process and the final product. For digital artists with disabilities, artistic ownership is complicated by reliance…
- AsTeR (Audio System for Technical Readings)
- An interactive computing system developed by T. V. Raman in his 1994 PhD thesis at Cornell University that converts LaTeX documents into navigable audio documents. AsTeR parses electronic documents in…