Glossary
Searchable terminology from accessibility, web standards, and related fields.
6660 terms — page 38 of 333
- Avatar (Virtual Avatar)
- A digital representation of a human user in a virtual environment that facilitates interaction with other users, entities, and the environment. Avatars range from simple floating hands to full-body re…
- Avatar (Virtual Self, Digital Representation, Self-Avatar)
- A graphical representation of a user within a virtual environment or digital platform. Avatars can range from simple icons to fully customizable 3D virtual humans that mirror user movements. In access…
- Avatar Customization (Avatar Creation, Character Customization)
- The ability for users to modify the appearance, characteristics, and features of their virtual avatar, including body shape, clothing, accessories, and disability-related features such as wheelchairs …
- Avatar Robot (Robot Avatar, Telepresence Avatar)
- A physical robot that acts as a remote proxy for a human operator, enabling them to interact with a distant environment through vision, audio, and often manipulation or movement. Avatar robots extend …
- Aversive Disablism (Aversive Ableism, Subtle Disablism)
- Aversive disablism is a concept from disability studies, developed by Mark Deal, describing a form of subtle, often unconscious prejudice toward disabled people. Aversive disablists recognize that dis…
- Avoidance Behaviour (Avoidance Behaviors, Covert Stuttering)
- Strategies used by people who stutter to conceal or prevent stuttering events, including substituting feared words with easier alternatives, talking around a word (circumlocution), using filler words …
- Awe (Awe Experience)
- Awe is an emotional response to perceived vastness — physical, conceptual, social, or spiritual — that requires a person to update their mental models to accommodate it. It blends wonder, reverence, a…
- Axe (axe-core, Deque Axe)
- An open-source accessibility testing engine developed by Deque Systems that checks web content against WCAG and other accessibility standards. Axe can be integrated into browsers (via browser extensio…
- BATE Principle (Beyond Accessibility to Efficiency)
- A design principle for assistive technology stating that devices should not merely provide basic access to a task but should enable a person with a disability to perform that task with the same effici…
- BBC Mobile Accessibility Guidelines (BBC MAG)
- A comprehensive set of accessibility standards developed by the BBC for mobile application and web content design. The guidelines cover areas including design, editorial, code, and testing, with speci…
- BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers)
- A natural language processing model developed by Google that uses bidirectional training to understand context from both directions in a sentence. BERT and its variants like SBERT (Sentence-BERT) are …
- BETSIE (BBC Education Text to Speech Internet Enhancer)
- BETSIE (BBC Education Text to Speech Internet Enhancer) was an early web accessibility tool developed by the BBC as a CGI Perl script that produced text-only versions of web pages optimized for users …
- BIGmack Switch (BIGmack, BIGmack Communicator)
- A single-message assistive technology device that allows a user to press a large button to play a pre-recorded message. BIGmack Switches are widely used in special education and communication interven…
- BITV (Barrierefreie Informationstechnik-Verordnung, Barrier-Free Information Technology Regulation)
- BITV (Barrierefreie Informationstechnik-Verordnung) is the German federal regulation on accessible information technology, mandating that federal government websites and applications be accessible to …
- BLE Beacon (Bluetooth Low Energy Beacon, iBeacon, Bluetooth Beacon)
- A BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy) beacon is a small wireless transmitter that broadcasts a signal at regular intervals, which can be detected by nearby smartphones to determine a user's indoor location. In…
- BLEU Score (BiLingual Evaluation Understudy, BLEU)
- A metric for evaluating the quality of machine-generated text by comparing it to one or more reference (human-written) translations. BLEU calculates precision by counting how many n-grams (sequences o…
- BLV (Blind and Low Vision, B/LV)
- Abbreviation for "blind and low vision," an umbrella term referring to people with a range of visual conditions including total blindness, legal blindness, and various forms of low vision. The term is…
- BLV Users (Blind and Low Vision Users, BLV People)
- People who are blind or have low vision, encompassing a spectrum of visual impairments from total blindness to varying degrees of remaining vision (light perception, tunnel vision, blurred vision, etc…
- BS 8878 (British Standard 8878, Web Accessibility Code of Practice)
- A British Standard published in 2010 that provides a code of practice for web accessibility. BS 8878 defines a 16-step process for implementing web accessibility within organisations, taking a user-ce…
- BVI (Blind and Visually Impaired, BLV, Blind and Low Vision)
- A widely used abbreviation in accessibility and HCI research denoting "blind and visually impaired" — the inclusive category that covers people who are totally blind, legally blind, or have any form o…