Glossary
Searchable terminology from accessibility, web standards, and related fields.
6660 terms — page 39 of 333
- Babbling (Canonical Babbling, Prelinguistic Vocalization)
- The repetitive, syllable-like vocalizations produced by infants typically between 6 and 12 months of age as a precursor to spoken language. Babbling progresses through developmental stages from simple…
- Back Tap (Back Tap Gesture)
- An iOS accessibility feature that allows users to trigger actions by tapping on the back of their iPhone two or three times. Back Tap can be configured to activate shortcuts, accessibility features, o…
- Back-Translation (Reverse Translation)
- A quality assurance method used in survey and instrument translation where a translated version is independently translated back into the original language by a different translator. The back-translat…
- Back-end Development (Server-side Development, Back-end Engineering)
- The practice of building server-side logic, databases, APIs, and application architecture that power websites and applications. Back-end developers work with languages like Python, Java, Ruby, and Nod…
- Back-translation (Reverse translation)
- A validation technique in cross-linguistic instrument translation where an independently translated version (e.g., ASL video) is translated back into the source language (e.g., English) by someone who…
- Backchannel Feedback (Backchannel, Backchanneling, Backchannel Cues)
- Verbal or non-verbal signals given by a listener during a conversation to show attention, understanding, or agreement without taking over the speaking turn. Common examples include head nods, vocaliza…
- Backchanneling (Backchannel, Listener Feedback, Active Listening Signals)
- The verbal and non-verbal signals that listeners produce during conversation to indicate engagement, understanding, agreement, or encouragement without taking a full speaking turn. Backchanneling incl…
- Background Blur (Depth of Field Effect, Bokeh Effect)
- A visual technique that applies a blur filter to the background of a video while keeping foreground subjects in sharp focus, similar to a shallow depth-of-field camera effect. In accessibility context…
- Background Color Music (BCM)
- A sonification technique that maps the background colors of visually distinct content regions on a web page to recognizable melodies, allowing blind users to perceive the color-based grouping structur…
- Background Mode
- A privacy technique in visual assistance technologies that obfuscates a specific private object while preserving all other elements in the image or video. For example, a user might select a pill bottl…
- Background Music (BGM, Underscore)
- Continuous music that plays beneath narration or dialogue to establish mood, atmosphere, and emotional tone in media. In accessible audio production, background music should be distinguished from disc…
- Background Noise (Ambient noise, Environmental noise)
- The sum of unwanted or competing sound in an environment — traffic, construction, conversation, HVAC systems, weather — that is present alongside a signal of interest. Background noise is characterize…
- Background Script (Background Scripts, Background Page)
- Code in a browser extension that runs independently of any specific web page, handling long-lived logic such as responding to browser events, managing storage, or coordinating with remote services. Un…
- Background Subtraction (Foreground-Background Separation, Background Modelling)
- Background subtraction is a computer vision technique used to identify moving objects (the foreground) in a video by comparing each frame against a model of the static background. Common approaches in…
- Ballot Design (Accessible Ballot Design)
- The layout and interaction design of the form through which voters select and cast their choices, covering paper ballots, electronic voting machines, and online interfaces. Well-studied accessibility …
- Ballot Marking Device (BMD, Ballot Marking System)
- A ballot marking device (BMD) is an electronic system that assists voters in marking their ballot selections, typically producing a printed paper ballot as a verifiable record. Unlike direct recording…
- Bangla Sign Language (BdSL, Bangladeshi Sign Language)
- The sign language used by the d/Deaf and hard-of-hearing community in Bangladesh. BdSL has distinct grammatical structures, vocabulary, and regional variation that differ from American Sign Language (…
- Barcode (Bar Code, QR Code, 1D Barcode, 2D Barcode)
- A barcode is a machine-readable visual encoding of data — linear (one-dimensional, such as UPC or EAN) or matrix (two-dimensional, such as QR or DataMatrix codes). In a digital accessibility context, …
- Barrage Test (Cancellation Test, Visual Search Test)
- A standardized neuropsychological assessment that measures selective and sustained visual attention by requiring participants to identify and mark target items among distractors on a page. Barrage tes…
- Barrier Impact Factor (BIF, Accessibility Barrier Impact)
- A metric for measuring the severity of web accessibility barriers by weighting detected errors according to which assistive technologies and disability groups they affect. The BIF is calculated by sum…