Glossary
Searchable terminology from accessibility, web standards, and related fields.
6660 terms — page 41 of 333
- Bespoke Assistive Technology (Bespoke AT, Custom Assistive Technology)
- Assistive technology that is designed and built from scratch to meet the unique requirements of a specific individual, as opposed to adapting or modifying existing products. Bespoke AT is distinguishe…
- Bespoke Co-Design (Personalised Co-Design)
- An approach to participatory design in which interventions are co-designed individually with each user rather than in group settings, allowing for highly targeted and personalised solutions. In access…
- Bespoke Design (Custom Design, Bespoke Assistive Technology)
- The creation of individually tailored products or solutions made to meet the specific needs of a single user, as opposed to mass-produced or universally designed items. In assistive technology, bespok…
- Best-Worst Scaling (BWS, Maximum Difference Scaling, MaxDiff)
- A survey methodology for efficiently collecting ranking judgments from participants over a large set of items. Instead of asking participants to rank all items at once (which becomes cognitively overw…
- Beta Rhythm (Beta Wave, Beta Oscillation)
- A pattern of electrical brain activity oscillating at approximately 13-30 Hz, commonly recorded over the sensorimotor cortex. Like mu rhythms, beta rhythms are modulated by movement and motor imagery …
- Between-Subjects Design (Between-Groups Design, Independent-Groups Design)
- A between-subjects design is an experimental research design in which each participant is assigned to only one condition, and the conditions are compared across different groups of people. It contrast…
- Bharati Braille (Indian Braille)
- A unified Braille standard for writing text in Indian languages using the six-dot Braille format. Bharati Braille assigns the same Braille cell to phonetically equivalent characters across different I…
- Bi-Directional Alignment (Two-Way Alignment, Mutual Alignment)
- An approach to human-AI interaction design that addresses alignment from both directions: not only adapting AI systems to match human values and preferences, but also helping humans understand, direct…
- Bias Benchmarking Questionnaire (BBQ)
- A standardized dataset used in AI fairness research to evaluate social biases in language models. The BBQ consists of carefully crafted context-question pairs designed to test whether models exhibit s…
- Bias Mitigation (Algorithmic Fairness, Debiasing)
- The process of identifying and reducing systematic errors or prejudices in AI systems, datasets, and algorithms that lead to unfair outcomes for particular groups of people. In accessibility, bias mit…
- Bibliometric analysis (Bibliometrics, Scientometrics)
- The quantitative study of scientific literature using statistical methods to analyse publication patterns, citation networks, authorship trends, and research impact. In accessibility research, bibliom…
- Bibliometrics (Bibliometric Analysis, Science Mapping)
- Bibliometrics is the quantitative analysis of published research literature, including citation patterns, authorship networks, keyword frequencies, and publication trends. In accessibility research, b…
- Bicultural Identity (Biculturalism)
- An identity characterised by active participation in and identification with two distinct cultural communities — in the Deaf context, navigating both Deaf culture (sign-language based, with its own no…
- Bidirectional Interface (BiDi Interface, RTL Interface)
- A user interface designed to support both left-to-right (LTR) and right-to-left (RTL) text directions, essential for languages such as Arabic, Hebrew, Farsi, and Urdu. Bidirectional interfaces must ha…
- Bidirectional Learning
- A principle in community-based and participatory design research in which knowledge flows in both directions between researchers/designers and community members, rather than researchers extracting dat…
- Big Five Personality Traits (Big Five, Five-Factor Model, OCEAN Model)
- A widely used psychological model that describes human personality along five trait dimensions: Openness to Experience, Conscientiousness, Extroversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism. Originally deve…
- Bilingual Education (Bilingual-Bicultural Education, Bi-Bi Education)
- Bilingual education in the context of deaf education refers to teaching approaches that use both sign language and the written form of a spoken language as languages of instruction. Often called bilin…
- Bilingual-Bicultural Education (Bi-Bi Education, Bilingual Bicultural Education)
- Bilingual-bicultural (Bi-Bi) education is an approach to Deaf education in which children learn in both a natural sign language (e.g., ASL, BSL, LSF, LGP) as a first language and the surrounding writt…
- Bimanual Exploration (Two-handed exploration, Bimanual tactile exploration)
- The use of both hands in coordinated roles to perceive an object or space by touch. In blind and low-vision users, bimanual exploration is typically asymmetric: one hand (often the non-dominant) serve…
- Bimanual Interaction (Two-Handed Interaction)
- Interaction techniques in computing and VR that require the coordinated use of both hands simultaneously, such as holding two controllers, performing gestures with both hands, or operating dual joysti…