Glossary
Searchable terminology from accessibility, web standards, and related fields.
6660 terms — page 65 of 333
- Colorism (Skin Tone Bias, Shadeism)
- Colorism is a form of discrimination in which people are treated differently based on the shade of their skin tone, typically favoring lighter skin over darker skin within and across racial groups. In…
- Colour Commentary (Color Commentary, Colour commentator)
- In sports broadcasting, the analytical and contextual commentary provided alongside the play-by-play — offering opinions, background on players and teams, strategy discussion, and remarks during gamep…
- Colour Contrast (Color Contrast, Contrast Ratio)
- The measurable difference in luminance or colour between two adjacent elements, used to determine readability and visual distinguishability. WCAG defines minimum contrast ratios (4.5:1 for normal text…
- Colour Palette Generation (Color Palette Generation, Accessible Palette Generation)
- The automated or semi-automated creation of sets of colours that are distinguishable by people with different types of colour vision deficiency while meeting aesthetic and functional design requiremen…
- Colour Vision Deficiency (CVD, Color Blindness, Colour Blindness, Color Vision Deficiency)
- A condition in which a person has difficulty distinguishing between certain colours due to differences in the cone cells of the retina. CVD affects approximately 1 in 12 men and 1 in 200 women worldwi…
- Colour blindness (Color blindness, Colour vision deficiency, CVD)
- A condition affecting the perception of colour, caused by absent or altered photoreceptors in the retina. The main types are classified by which colour receptors are affected: protanopia (absent red r…
- Colour contrast ratio (Contrast ratio, Luminance contrast ratio, Color contrast)
- A numerical measure of the perceived brightness difference between a foreground colour (typically text) and its background, expressed as a ratio ranging from 1:1 (no contrast, identical colours) to 21…
- Coloured Overlay (Colored Overlay, Tinted Overlay, Reading Overlay)
- A transparent coloured sheet placed over text or a digital colour filter applied to a screen to reduce visual stress and improve reading comfort for some people with dyslexia, Meares-Irlen syndrome, o…
- Colours of Confusion (Confusion Colors, Confusable Colours, Metameric Pairs)
- Pairs or sets of colours that appear distinct to people with typical colour vision but appear identical or nearly identical to people with a specific type of colour vision deficiency. These colour pai…
- Combination Repertoire
- A type of technology repertoire where multiple tools work together simultaneously to provide access for a single task. For example, a person who is deaf and hard of hearing might use automatic caption…
- Comic Strip Conversations (CSC)
- A visual-support technique developed by Carol Gray (1994) for autistic children and adolescents, in which a social interaction is illustrated as a short comic strip with simple stick figures, speech b…
- Command Recognition (Command Classification, Input Recognition)
- The process by which a computer system interprets and classifies a user's input action — such as a gesture, voice command, or key press — as a specific intended command from a predefined vocabulary of…
- Command-Line Interface (CLI, Command-Driven Interface, Command Interface)
- A user interface style in which the user types textual commands, usually following a defined syntax, to drive a system. Command-line interfaces are typically fast and powerful for expert users, script…
- Common Ground (Shared Understanding, Mutual Knowledge)
- The mutual knowledge, beliefs, and assumptions shared between people communicating or collaborating. In accessibility and inclusive design, establishing common ground is essential for effective collab…
- Common Ground (Grounding, Mutual Understanding)
- The shared knowledge, beliefs, and assumptions that conversation participants use to understand each other. In communication theory, grounding is the process by which speakers establish and maintain t…
- Communicability
- A quality property of interactive systems proposed by Semiotic Engineering theory, referring to the system's ability to effectively and efficiently convey to users the designer's communicative intenti…
- Communication Access
- The right and ability of all people to communicate and be understood, regardless of the mode or method of communication they use. Communication access encompasses the provision of supports, technologi…
- Communication Access Realtime Translation (CART, Realtime Captioning, Stenographic Captioning)
- A captioning service where a trained professional uses a stenographic keyboard to transcribe spoken language into text in real time, producing near-verbatim captions. CART provides the highest accurac…
- Communication Asymmetry (Interaction Asymmetry, Communication Imbalance)
- The imbalance in communication capabilities, speed, or modalities between conversation partners. In AAC contexts, communication asymmetry arises because AAC users communicate at 12-18 words per minute…
- Communication Board (AAC Board, Symbol Board, Choice Board)
- A low-tech or digital display of symbols, pictures, words, or phrases arranged on a surface that a person with complex communication needs can point to, touch, or select to express messages. Communica…