Literature Reviews

Reviewed research papers, articles, and publications relevant to digital accessibility.

• Deaf and hard-of-hearing users’ prioritization of genres of online video content requiring accurate captions

  Larwan Berke, Matthew Seita, Matt Huenerfauth (2020) — Proceedings of the 17th International Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This paper investigates which genres of online video content Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing (DHH) users consider most important to have accurately captioned. With over 400 hours of video uploaded to YouTube every minute and no U.S. legal mandate to caption…

  • deaf and hard of hearing
  • captioning
  • video accessibility
  • automatic speech recognition
  • user research
  • Best-Worst Scaling

• A declarative model for accessibility requirements

  Jens Pelzetter (2020) — Proceedings of the 17th International Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This paper addresses a fundamental problem in automated accessibility testing: different tools produce inconsistent results because they each implement their own interpretation of WCAG guidelines in code, and the guidelines themselves contain ambigui…

  • automated testing
  • WCAG compliance
  • ACT Rules
  • ontology
  • accessibility evaluation
  • tool development

• Analysis of automated contrast checking tools

  Rafael Almeida, Carlos Duarte (2020) — Proceedings of the 17th International Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This paper evaluates the reliability and limitations of three free automated color contrast checking tools: the Color Contrast Accessibility Validator (from the Bureau of Internet Accessibility), WAVE (from WebAIM), and the WCAG Color Contrast Checke…

  • color contrast
  • automated testing
  • accessibility tools
  • WCAG compliance
  • visual accessibility
  • low vision

• Tables on the web accessible? unfortunately not!

  Waqar Haider, Yeliz Yesilada (2020) — Proceedings of the 17th International Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This paper presents the first large-scale systematic study specifically focused on the accessibility of HTML tables on the web. The authors crawled approximately 30,000 web pages sourced from Google, Google Tables, and the Alexa top 10,000 sites, ult…

  • web accessibility
  • HTML tables
  • automated testing
  • WCAG compliance
  • screen readers
  • semantic HTML

• Using a participatory activities toolkit to elicit privacy expectations of adaptive assistive technologies

  Foad Hamidi, Kellie Poneres, Aaron Massey, Amy Hurst (2020) — Proceedings of the 17th International Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This paper addresses a critical but often overlooked tension in assistive technology design: the privacy tradeoff inherent in adaptive assistive technologies (AATs) that must collect and analyze user performance data to function effectively. The auth…

  • privacy
  • assistive technology
  • adaptive systems
  • participatory design
  • essential tremor
  • older adults
  • data ethics

• Evaluation of user experience and cognitive load of a gamified cognitive training application for children with learning disabilities

  Adel Shaban, Elaine Pearson (2020) — Proceedings of the 17th International Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This study presents the design and evaluation of "The Treasure," a gamified web-based application created to train and improve working memory in children with learning disabilities. The application was built on a design framework integrating guidelin…

  • learning disabilities
  • gamification
  • cognitive load
  • working memory
  • user experience
  • children
  • cognitive training
  • educational technology

• Measuring complexity of e-government services for people with low vision

  Aritz Sala, Myriam Arrue, J. Eduardo Pérez, Sandra M. Espín-Tello (2020) — Proceedings of the 17th International Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This paper investigates how to measure the complexity of online government forms for people with low vision. The authors recognize that e-government services — accessed primarily through web-based forms — have the potential to greatly benefit people …

  • low vision
  • e-government
  • form accessibility
  • complexity metrics
  • user testing
  • web accessibility
  • online forms

• PDF Readability Enhancement on Mobile Devices

  Zachary Shelton, Chen-Hsiang Yu (2020) — Proceedings of the 17th International Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This paper presents PDFroggy, an Android application that applies content transformation techniques to PDF documents on mobile devices to enhance readability. The research addresses a specific gap: while previous work has demonstrated that content tr…

  • PDF accessibility
  • readability
  • mobile accessibility
  • content transformation
  • document accessibility
  • dyslexia
  • ESL readers

• Web Accessibility Testing for Singapore Government e-Services

  Zui Young Lim, Jia Min Chua, Kaiting Yang, Wei Shin Tan, Yinn Chai (2020) — Proceedings of the 17th International Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This paper from Singapore's Government Technology Agency presents a customized automated accessibility testing tool designed specifically for government e-service developers. The authors identified two core problems: Singapore's low accessibility mat…

  • automated testing
  • web accessibility
  • government services
  • accessibility evaluation
  • CI/CD
  • contextual inquiry
  • agile development

• Supporting the Design of Data Visualisation for the Visually Impaired through Reinforcement Learning

  Dalal Aljasem (2020) — Proceedings of the 17th International Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This doctoral consortium paper presents a research programme aimed at making data visualizations more accessible to people with partial vision loss, specifically those with peripheral vision damage (tunnel vision from conditions like glaucoma) or cen…

  • data visualization
  • visual impairment
  • reinforcement learning
  • visual search
  • machine learning
  • eye tracking
  • accessible design