Literature Reviews

Reviewed research papers, articles, and publications relevant to digital accessibility.

• Does ChatGPT Generate Accessible Code? Investigating Accessibility Challenges in LLM-Generated Source Code

  Wajdi Aljedaani, Abdulrahman Habib, Ahmed Aljohani, Marcelo Eler, Yunhe Feng (2024) — Proceedings of the 21st International Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This paper presents the first empirical evaluation of the accessibility of web code generated by ChatGPT (GPT-3.5), examining both how accessible the generated code is and how well the model can fix accessibility violations. The study involved 88 web…

  • web accessibility
  • large language models
  • ChatGPT
  • automated testing
  • WCAG
  • code generation
  • AI accessibility

• Participatory Design for Cognitive Accessibility of Web-based Interactive Systems

  Adrian Wegener (2024) — Proceedings of the 21st International Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This doctoral consortium paper outlines a PhD research program aimed at addressing the significant underrepresentation of cognitive accessibility in web accessibility research. The author notes that while cognitive disabilities account for a 28% shar…

  • cognitive accessibility
  • participatory design
  • attention
  • focus
  • ADHD
  • web accessibility
  • user-centered design
  • inclusive design

• A Universal Web Accessibility Feedback Form: A Participatory Design Study

  Adrian Wegener, Kathrin Fausel, Saskia Haug, Alexander Maedche (2024) — Proceedings of the 21st International Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This paper addresses a gap in web accessibility practice: while automated testing tools can catch structural violations, they cannot reliably assess the quality of alternative text, the usability of dynamic content, or many other issues that only hum…

  • web accessibility
  • participatory design
  • visual impairments
  • feedback mechanisms
  • user-centered design
  • WCAG
  • screen readers
  • accessibility testing

• Accessibility in AI-Assisted Web Development

  Peya Mowar (2024) — Proceedings of the 21st International Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This extended abstract from a CMU doctoral student examines whether AI code generation tools—specifically GitHub Copilot—help or hinder web accessibility when used by developers. The research is motivated by a persistent problem: despite decades of a…

  • AI code generation
  • web accessibility
  • developer practices
  • GitHub Copilot
  • automated testing
  • WCAG compliance

• AccessMenu: Enhancing Usability of Online Restaurant Menus for Screen Reader Users

  Nithiya Venkatraman, Akshay Kolgar Nayak, Suyog Dahal, Yash Prakash, Hae-Na Lee, Vikas Ashok (2025) — Proceedings of the 22nd International Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This paper addresses the significant accessibility barriers that blind and visually impaired (BVI) screen reader users face when trying to access online restaurant menus, which are typically presented as images or PDFs. The research proceeds in two p…

  • screen readers
  • blind users
  • visual document understanding
  • LLM accessibility
  • multimodal AI
  • browser extension
  • web accessibility
  • OCR

• Adapting Online Customer Reviews for Blind Users: A Case Study of Restaurant Reviews

  Mohan Sunkara, Akshay Kolgar Nayak, Sandeep Kalari, Yash Prakash, Sampath Jayarathna, Hae-Na Lee, Vikas Ashok (2025) — Proceedings of the 22nd International Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This paper addresses the significant usability challenges blind screen reader users face when navigating online customer reviews, using restaurant reviews on Google Maps as a case study. The research proceeds in two phases. First, an interview study …

  • screen readers
  • blind users
  • online reviews
  • LLM accessibility
  • content summarization
  • sentiment analysis
  • web accessibility

• The Promise and Pitfalls of Web Accessibility Overlays for Blind and Low Vision Users

  Tlamelo Makati, Garreth W. Tigwell, Kristen Shinohara (2024) — Proceedings of the 26th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS 2024)

  This study provides the first substantial empirical evidence from blind and low-vision users about their experiences with web accessibility overlays—third-party JavaScript tools that claim to enhance website usability for people with disabilities by …

  • web accessibility
  • accessibility overlays
  • screen readers
  • blind users
  • low vision
  • assistive technology
  • WCAG

• Task Mode: Dynamic Filtering for Task-Specific Web Navigation using LLMs

  Ananya Gubbi Mohanbabu, Yotam Sechayk, Amy Pavel (2025) — ASSETS 2025: 27th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility

  This paper presents Task Mode, a Chrome browser extension that dynamically filters web content based on user-specified goals using large language models (specifically GPT-4o) to identify and prioritize task-relevant elements while suppressing distrac…

  • web navigation
  • screen reader
  • large language model
  • content filtering
  • task-based browsing
  • browser extension
  • inclusive design
  • web accessibility
  • GPT-4o
  • DOM manipulation

• A Review of 25 Years of Human-Computer Interaction Research on Reading Support Technologies for People with Disabilities Published in the ACM Digital Library

  Oliver Alonzo, Saad Hassan (2025) — ASSETS 2025: 27th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility

  This systematic literature review analyzes 101 HCI publications from ACM venues spanning 2000 to 2024 that focus on reading support technologies for people with disabilities. The authors developed a comprehensive coding rubric covering publication me…

  • systematic literature review
  • reading support
  • reading disability
  • dyslexia
  • blind or low vision
  • deaf or hard of hearing
  • intellectual disability
  • cognitive disability
  • text simplification
  • readability
  • reading comprehension
  • braille literacy
  • assistive technology
  • web accessibility

• AccessGuru: Leveraging LLMs to Detect and Correct Web Accessibility Violations in HTML Code

  Nadeen Fathallah, Daniel Hernández, Steffen Staab (2025) — ASSETS 2025: 27th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility

  This paper introduces AccessGuru, a novel method that combines traditional automated accessibility testing tools with large language models (LLMs) to both detect and correct web accessibility violations in HTML code. The work addresses a persistent g…

  • automated testing
  • web accessibility
  • large language models
  • HTML remediation
  • prompt engineering
  • WCAG
  • accessibility violations
  • machine learning