Literature Reviews
Reviewed research papers, articles, and publications relevant to digital accessibility.
159 results found tagged deaf and hard of hearing.
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Tactile Emotions: Multimodal Affective Captioning with Haptics Improves Narrative Engagement for d/Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Viewers
This paper explores a multimodal approach to affective captioning — captions that convey not just the words a speaker says but the emotional dimensions of their voice — for d/Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing (dhh) viewers. Prior work has shown that typograph…
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Caption Royale: Exploring the Design Space of Affective Captions from the Perspective of Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Individuals
This CHI 2024 paper from Rochester Institute of Technology and Tulane tackles a concrete design question: if we want captions to convey a speaker's emotion — not just their words — which typographic modulations should we use? Prior work had establish…
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Fuzzy Feelings: Arousal's Interpretive Noise and the Case for Acoustic-Based Haptics
This CHI 2026 paper from a team at Rochester Institute of Technology and Birmingham City University tackles a persistent gap in captioning: traditional captions carry words but strip the emotional tone, rhythm, and vocal affect that sighted hearing v…
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Photonote evaluation: aiding students with disabilities in a lecture environment
Hughes and Robinson at the Cambridge Computer Laboratory present Photonote, a lecture-capture system designed specifically for students with disabilities, and a controlled user study comparing it to human note-takers. Where existing lecture-capture s…
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Variable frame rate for low power mobile sign language communication
This paper from the University of Washington MobileASL team — Neva Cherniavsky, Anna Cavender, Richard Ladner, and Eve Riskin — addresses a then-emerging problem: enabling Deaf people in the United States to hold real-time American Sign Language conv…
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Visualizing Non-Speech Sounds for the Deaf
This paper investigates peripheral visual displays that help people who are deaf maintain awareness of non-speech sounds in their environment — sounds like phone ringing, doorbells, knocking, fire alarms, children playing, dogs barking, and appliance…
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An Intelligent Tutoring System for Deaf Learners of Written English
This paper from the University of Delaware describes ICICLE (Interactive Communication and Correction of Language Errors), an intelligent tutoring system designed to improve written English literacy among deaf students who are native or near-native s…
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A Phoneme Probability Display for Individuals with Hearing Disabilities
This paper from MIT Media Lab presents a speech-to-visual-display system designed to aid individuals with hearing impairments by converting continuous speech into an animated graphical representation of phoneme probabilities. Rather than attempting t…
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PowerUp: An Accessible Virtual World
This paper describes the design and validation of accessibility features for PowerUp, an IBM-developed multiplayer 3D virtual world educational game aimed at middle school students. The researchers were tasked with making the game usable by players w…
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A Web-Based User Survey for Evaluating Power Saving Strategies for Deaf Users of MobileASL
This paper presents research on power-saving video compression algorithms for MobileASL, a project enabling real-time, two-way video communication on mobile phones so Deaf people can communicate in American Sign Language. Running video calls drains p…