Glossary
Searchable terminology from accessibility, web standards, and related fields.
6660 terms — page 155 of 333
- Information Theory (Shannon Theory, Mathematical Theory of Communication)
- A mathematical framework developed by Claude Shannon in 1948 for quantifying the transmission, processing, and storage of information. Central concepts include entropy (the measure of uncertainty or u…
- Information Transfer Rate (ITR, Data Transfer Rate)
- A measure of the speed and accuracy with which a user can communicate information to a computer through an input device, typically expressed in bits per second. Information transfer rate accounts for …
- Information Verification (AI Output Verification, Fact-Checking AI)
- The process of assessing the accuracy, reliability, and trustworthiness of information generated by AI systems before acting on it. For blind users of generative AI, information verification is unique…
- Information and Communication Technology (ICT)
- A broad term encompassing all technologies used to handle information and facilitate communication, including computers, mobile devices, software, networks, and digital media. In the context of access…
- Information asymmetry (Information gap, Information lag)
- In accessibility contexts, the unequal access to timely, relevant information experienced by disabled people compared to non-disabled peers, caused by inaccessible formats, platforms, and communicatio…
- Information chunking (Chunking)
- The practice of organizing information into smaller, manageable groups or segments to reduce cognitive load and improve comprehension and retention. Rooted in cognitive psychology research on working …
- Information wayfinding (Digital wayfinding, Information navigation)
- The process of orienting oneself within and navigating through digital information spaces such as websites, applications, or documents, analogous to physical wayfinding through buildings or cities. Fo…
- Informational Privacy (Information Privacy, Data Privacy)
- The ability of individuals to control information about themselves—determining what personal data is collected, who can access it, and how it is used. In assistive technology contexts, informational p…
- Informed Consent
- The process by which individuals are provided with clear, understandable information about how their data will be collected, used, and shared, enabling them to make voluntary decisions about participa…
- Informed Consent Accessibility (Accessible Informed Consent, Accessible Consent Process)
- The practice of making informed consent documents and processes fully accessible to people with disabilities, ensuring they can understand the information being presented and make genuinely informed d…
- Infrared (IR, Infrared Communication)
- A wireless communication technology that uses infrared light to transmit data over short distances, commonly used in assistive technology for line-of-sight data exchange between devices. In accessibil…
- Infrared Beacon (IR Beacon, IR Tag)
- A device that transmits identification signals using infrared light, used in indoor navigation and wayfinding systems to help locate users within buildings. When a user's receiver detects the beacon's…
- Infrared Emitting Diode (IRED, IR LED, Infrared LED)
- A light-emitting diode that produces infrared radiation, used in assistive technology for motion tracking and position sensing. IREDs are commonly used in head-tracking systems, eye-tracking devices, …
- Infrastructural Inversion
- A methodological move, articulated by Geoffrey Bowker and Susan Leigh Star, that foregrounds the usually invisible infrastructure underpinning everyday action — categories, standards, procedures, sile…
- Infrastructural precarity (Digital infrastructure barriers)
- The condition of unreliable, inconsistent, or inadequate technological infrastructure that shapes and constrains how people — particularly disabled people and those in the Global South — can access an…
- Infrastructuring
- A theoretical lens from HCI, CSCW, and participatory design (developed from the work of Susan Leigh Star, Karen Ruhleder, Volkmar Pipek, and Volker Wulf) that treats infrastructure not as a finished a…
- Infrastructuring for Access
- A design approach introduced by Wang and Marie (CHI 2026) that combines HCI's infrastructuring theory with Disability Studies and Repair Studies. Rather than focusing on removing barriers or accommoda…
- InftyReader (Infty Reader)
- A specialised optical character recognition (OCR) system designed to recognise mathematical expressions in scanned documents, developed by the Infty Project (Suzuki et al.). Unlike general-purpose OCR…
- Inhibitory Control (Response Inhibition, Impulse Control)
- The executive function that enables a person to suppress automatic or impulsive responses in favor of more appropriate, goal-directed behavior. Inhibitory control is essential for tasks requiring sust…
- Inline Audio Description (Standard Audio Description, Inline AD)
- The standard form of audio description where narrated descriptions of visual content are inserted into natural pauses in dialogue and sound during video playback, without pausing the media. Inline AD …