Glossary
Searchable terminology from accessibility, web standards, and related fields.
6660 terms — page 16 of 333
- Acoustic Analysis (Acoustic Signal Analysis)
- The computational examination of sound signals to extract measurable properties such as duration, fundamental frequency (pitch), intensity, spectral characteristics, and formant structure. In accessib…
- Acoustic Event Detection (Sound Event Detection, Audio Event Detection, Sound Event Classification)
- The automated process of identifying and classifying specific sounds within an audio stream, such as recognizing a phone ringing, door knocking, fire alarm, or speech from continuous environmental aud…
- Acoustic Model (AM)
- An acoustic model is the component of an automatic speech recognition (ASR) system that maps short segments of audio (typically 10–25 ms frames of spectral features) to the linguistic units that produ…
- Acoustic Phonetics
- The branch of phonetics concerned with the physical properties of speech sounds, including their production, transmission, and perception as acoustic signals. Acoustic phonetics uses techniques such a…
- Acoustic Vehicle Alerting System (AVAS, Minimum sound requirement, Pedestrian warning sound)
- A class of vehicle systems that emit artificial sound to alert pedestrians and other road users to the presence and movement of quiet vehicles — typically electric and hybrid vehicles at low speeds, w…
- Acquiescence Bias (Agreement Bias, Yea-Saying)
- A response bias in which participants tend to agree with statements or respond affirmatively regardless of the actual content, often to be accommodating or to avoid conflict with the researcher. In ac…
- Acquiescence Bias (Agreement Bias, Yea-Saying)
- A type of response bias where survey respondents tend to agree with statements regardless of their actual content. This "yea-saying" tendency can skew research results, particularly in accessibility s…
- Acquired Brain Injury (ABI)
- Brain damage occurring after birth that is not hereditary, congenital, degenerative, or induced by birth trauma. ABI encompasses both traumatic brain injury (TBI) from external forces like falls or ac…
- Acquired Disability (Adventitious Disability, Late-onset Disability)
- A disability that develops after birth, typically due to illness, injury, or aging, as opposed to congenital disabilities present from birth. Common causes include stroke, traumatic brain injury, spin…
- Action Research (Participatory Action Research, PAR)
- A research methodology that combines investigation with practical action, involving iterative cycles of planning, acting, observing, and reflecting. In accessibility research, action research allows r…
- Action research (Participatory action research, PAR)
- A research methodology that combines investigation with practical action, where researchers work collaboratively with community stakeholders to address real-world problems while simultaneously generat…
- ActionScript
- A programming language used within Adobe Flash to create interactive content, animations, and web applications. ActionScript code was compiled into bytecode embedded in SWF files and executed by the F…
- Active Aging (Active Ageing, Healthy Aging, Successful Aging)
- A policy framework and paradigm promoted by the World Health Organization that emphasizes maintaining physical activity, social engagement, and independence in later life to improve health outcomes an…
- Active Exploration (User-Directed Exploration)
- An interaction paradigm in non-visual interfaces where users physically control their navigation through information, discovering content by directing a pointer, stylus, or finger across a surface or …
- Active Learning (AL)
- A machine learning paradigm in which the algorithm iteratively selects the most informative unlabeled data points to query a human annotator for labels, enabling effective model training with minimal …
- Active Listening (Attentive Listening)
- A communication technique where the listener fully concentrates on, understands, and responds to a speaker, demonstrating engagement through verbal and non-verbal feedback. Active listening behaviors …
- Active Noise Cancellation (ANC, Active Noise Control)
- A technique that reduces unwanted ambient sound by using microphones to capture incoming noise and electronically generating an inverted (anti-phase) audio signal that destructively interferes with it…
- Active Perception (Active Sensing, Sensorimotor Exploration)
- A view of perception in which the perceiver is not a passive receiver of stimuli but an active agent who moves, orients, and manipulates the environment to gather the sensory information needed for a …
- Active Support
- A person-centred model of support that enables people with intellectual disabilities, including those with severe and profound disabilities, to participate meaningfully in everyday activities and rela…
- Activities of Daily Living (ADLs, Daily Living Activities, ADL)
- Routine tasks that people perform every day for self-care and independent functioning, including reading, cooking, grooming, dressing, and managing household items. For people with low vision, perform…