Glossary
Searchable terminology from accessibility, web standards, and related fields.
6660 terms — page 76 of 333
- Corrective feedback (Error correction feedback, Instructional feedback)
- Specific information provided to a user after an action that identifies what was done incorrectly and how to improve on the next attempt. In accessible interaction design, corrective feedback for blin…
- Correctness (Precision, Validity)
- In the context of accessibility evaluation, correctness (also called precision) is the proportion of reported accessibility problems that are true problems — that is, issues that genuinely affect user…
- Cortical Plasticity (Brain Plasticity, Neural Plasticity, Cortical Reorganization)
- The brain's ability to reorganize its neural connections and functional organization in response to injury, learning, or environmental changes. In the context of disability and rehabilitation, cortica…
- Cortical visual impairment (CVI, Cerebral visual impairment)
- A neurological form of visual impairment caused by damage or atypical structures in the visual pathways and visual processing centres of the brain, rather than in the eyes themselves. CVI is now the m…
- Cosmesis (Cosmetic Cover, Prosthetic Cosmesis)
- A covering applied to a prosthetic device that is designed to make the prosthesis look more natural or socially acceptable, and sometimes to improve grip or functionality. Cosmeses are available in a …
- Counteractive Frictions (Counteractive Friction)
- A concept introduced by Ly et al. for the deliberate, strategically produced disruptions that marginalised communities generate to contest hegemonic infrastructures — petitions, protests, Human Rights…
- Counterbalancing (Latin Square Design)
- A research methodology technique used to control for order effects by systematically varying the sequence of conditions across participants. In accessibility research comparing multiple interface desi…
- Counterfactual Explanation (Counterfactual XAI)
- An explanation technique that communicates what minimal change to the input would have produced a different output from an AI model, for example 'if the applicant's income had been $5,000 higher, the …
- Counterfactual Prompting (Counterfactual Debiasing, Counterfactual Data Augmentation)
- A bias mitigation technique that involves modifying prompts or training examples by swapping identity-related attributes (such as disability status, gender, or race) while keeping all other context id…
- Counternarratives (Counter-storytelling, Critical Counter-narrative)
- A qualitative research and pedagogical technique, rooted in critical race theory and education research (Solórzano & Yosso, 2002), in which members of marginalized groups write and share their own sto…
- Counterventions (Countervention)
- A concept introduced by Rua Williams, Louanne Boyd, and Juan Gilbert for reflexive interventions in HCI and design that unsettle ableist norms by shifting focus from individual deficit to exclusionary…
- Course Management System (CMS, Learning Management System, LMS, Virtual Learning Environment, VLE)
- A software platform used by educational institutions to create, manage, and deliver course content, track student performance, and facilitate communication between instructors and students. Examples i…
- Cozmo (Cozmo Robot)
- A small, toy-like robot originally developed by Anki, featuring tracked wheels, a lift arm with a fork, and a screen face that displays animated eyes and emotive behaviours. Cozmo includes face recogn…
- Crafting (Craftwork, Handcraft)
- The practice of making objects by hand using traditional techniques, materials, and tools. In accessibility research, crafting—including weaving, knitting, woodworking, and pottery—represents a form o…
- Craftivism (Craft Activism)
- Craftivism is the practice of using craft as a form of activism and political engagement. The term combines "craft" and "activism" to describe how makers use traditional crafts like knitting, sewing, …
- Creative Agency (Creative Autonomy, Creative Control)
- The ability of an individual to make independent creative decisions, express personal aesthetic preferences, and maintain ownership over the creative process and its outcomes. For blind individuals, c…
- Creativity Support Tool (CST, Creative Tool)
- Software designed to enhance, facilitate, or augment human creative processes such as drawing, writing, music composition, photography, and design. Creativity support tools range from simple drawing a…
- Creativity Support Tools (CST, Creative Support Software)
- Creativity support tools (CSTs) are software applications and systems designed to help people engage in creative activities such as writing, drawing, music production, photography, video editing, grap…
- Criminalization
- The process by which behaviors, identities, or survival strategies are defined as criminal, disproportionately affecting marginalized communities including disabled people. In accessibility contexts, …
- Crip Epistemology (Cripistemology)
- A framework for understanding how disability produces distinct forms of knowledge that challenge dominant, ableist ways of knowing. Rooted in crip theory and disability studies, crip epistemologies re…