Literature Reviews
Reviewed research papers, articles, and publications relevant to digital accessibility.
54 results found tagged American Sign Language.
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Evaluating American Sign Language Generation Through the Participation of Native ASL Signers
This paper addresses the challenge of generating animations of American Sign Language (ASL) sentences, focusing specifically on classifier predicates — complex spatial constructions that describe the location, movement, size, and shape of objects. Wh…
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MobileASL: Intelligibility of Sign Language Video as Constrained by Mobile Phone Technology
This paper presents MobileASL, a video compression research project aimed at enabling Deaf people to communicate in American Sign Language (ASL) over mobile phone networks. In 2006, Deaf people in the US were limited to text messaging on mobile phone…
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Representing Coordination and Non-Coordination in an American Sign Language Animation
This paper introduces the Partition/Constitute (P/C) Formalism, a new computational representation for encoding the multichannel structure of American Sign Language (ASL) performances to support English-to-ASL machine translation and animation. ASL i…
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A Parametric Approach to Sign Language Synthesis
This paper describes a parametric approach to synthesizing American Sign Language (ASL) using a commercially available human avatar (UGS Jack) driven by kinematic parameters. The system addresses the fundamental challenge that signed and spoken langu…
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An Intelligent Tutoring System for Deaf Learners of Written English
This paper from the University of Delaware describes ICICLE (Interactive Communication and Correction of Language Errors), an intelligent tutoring system designed to improve written English literacy among deaf students who are native or near-native s…
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VRML-Based Representations of ASL Fingerspelling on the World Wide Web
This paper presents techniques for representing American Sign Language (ASL) fingerspelling using 3D hand models in VRML 2.0 (Virtual Reality Modeling Language) on the World Wide Web. The authors argue that VRML offers a more effective way to documen…
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Computer Generated 3-Dimensional Models of Manual Alphabet Handshapes for the World Wide Web
This paper from Gallaudet University and NASA Goddard Space Flight Center presents a web-based teaching tool for learning American Sign Language (ASL) fingerspelling through interactive 3D computer models. The authors created VRML (Virtual Reality Mo…
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Evaluation of a psycholinguistically motivated timing model for animations of American Sign Language
This paper investigates how psycholinguistic insights about the timing and speed of American Sign Language (ASL) can improve computer-generated sign language animations. The author developed two algorithms — a sign-duration algorithm and a pause-inse…
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Accessible Motion-Capture Glove Calibration Protocol for Recording Sign Language Data from Deaf Subjects
This paper addresses a critical bottleneck in sign language technology research: the calibration of motion-capture gloves used to record handshape data from deaf signers. Motion-capture gloves like the CyberGlove contain sensors that measure finger j…
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Spatial and Temporal Pyramids for Grammatical Expression Recognition of American Sign Language
This paper presents a novel computer vision framework for recognizing grammatical facial expressions and head gestures in American Sign Language (ASL) video. While most sign language recognition research has focused on manual components (hand shapes …