Literature Reviews

Reviewed research papers, articles, and publications relevant to digital accessibility.

• The Promise and Pitfalls of Web Accessibility Overlays for Blind and Low Vision Users

  Tlamelo Makati, Garreth W. Tigwell, Kristen Shinohara (2024) — Proceedings of the 26th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS 2024)

  This study provides the first substantial empirical evidence from blind and low-vision users about their experiences with web accessibility overlays—third-party JavaScript tools that claim to enhance website usability for people with disabilities by …

  • web accessibility
  • accessibility overlays
  • screen readers
  • blind users
  • low vision
  • assistive technology
  • WCAG

• "Not Only Annoying but Dangerous": devising an ecology of protections for photosensitive social media users

  Rua Mae Williams, Chorong Park, Laila Sameer Dodhy, Monaami Pal, Atharva Anand Dnyanmote, Luchcha Angel Lam, Sean Joo (2024) — Proceedings of the 26th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS)

  This multi-pronged exploratory study investigates the ecosystem of protections needed for photosensitive social media users — people who experience seizures, migraines, nausea, dizziness, or other physiological symptoms when exposed to flashing or st…

  • photosensitivity
  • epilepsy
  • social media
  • flashing content
  • GIF
  • design norms
  • content safety
  • WCAG
  • user safety

• AccessGuru: Leveraging LLMs to Detect and Correct Web Accessibility Violations in HTML Code

  Nadeen Fathallah, Daniel Hernández, Steffen Staab (2025) — ASSETS 2025: 27th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility

  This paper introduces AccessGuru, a novel method that combines traditional automated accessibility testing tools with large language models (LLMs) to both detect and correct web accessibility violations in HTML code. The work addresses a persistent g…

  • automated testing
  • web accessibility
  • large language models
  • HTML remediation
  • prompt engineering
  • WCAG
  • accessibility violations
  • machine learning

• Benchmarking PDF Accessibility Evaluation: A Dataset and Framework for Assessing Automated and LLM-Based Approaches for Accessibility Testing

  Anukriti Kumar, Tanushree Padath, Lucy Lu Wang (2025) — ASSETS 2025: 27th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility

  This paper addresses a critical gap in PDF accessibility evaluation by introducing the first expert-validated benchmark dataset and standardized evaluation framework for assessing how well different tools and approaches can evaluate PDF accessibility…

  • PDF accessibility
  • automated testing
  • large language models
  • WCAG
  • PDF/UA
  • benchmark dataset
  • document accessibility
  • alternative text
  • reading order
  • semantic tagging
  • accessibility evaluation

• Accessibility Information Needs in the Enterprise

  Sharon Snider, Willie L. Scott II, Shari Trewin (2020) — ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing (TACCESS)

  This paper from IBM presents the first empirical analysis of accessibility information needs within a large multinational enterprise, analyzing 439 unique accessibility questions and 362 unique keywords gathered over two years from FAQs, support chan…

  • enterprise accessibility
  • ontology
  • knowledge management
  • accessibility conformance
  • chatbot
  • question answering
  • WCAG
  • Section 508
  • accessibility testing
  • organizational accessibility