Literature Reviews

Reviewed research papers, articles, and publications relevant to digital accessibility.

• Functional Web Accessibility Techniques and Tools from the University of Illinois

  Jon Gunderson, Hadi Bargi Rangin, Nicholas Hoyt (2006) — Proceedings of the 8th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (Assets '06)

  This paper presents two complementary tools developed at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign for helping web developers create functionally accessible websites: the CITES/DRES Functional Web Accessibility Best Practices and associated eval…

  • web accessibility
  • automated testing
  • accessibility evaluation
  • WCAG
  • Section 508
  • browser extension
  • best practices
  • dynamic HTML

• Accessibility of Internet Websites through Time

  Stephanie Hackett, Bambang Parmanto, Xiaoming Zeng (2004) — Proceedings of the 6th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (Assets 04)

  This paper presents a longitudinal analysis of web accessibility from 1997 to 2002 using archived snapshots from the Internet Archive's Wayback Machine. The researchers evaluated 240 archived instances of random websites (40 per year from the Alexa t…

  • web accessibility
  • accessibility evaluation
  • longitudinal study
  • WCAG
  • Section 508
  • web complexity
  • government websites
  • metrics
  • automated testing

• The United States' Legislative Impact on eAccessibility: What the European Union Can Learn

  Robert Huffaker (2014) — Proceedings of the 11th Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This paper compares accessibility legislation and enforcement mechanisms in the United States and European Union, examining how each region's legal framework impacts website accessibility for people with disabilities. The author traces the evolution …

  • accessibility law
  • policy
  • Section 508
  • ADA
  • European Union
  • public procurement
  • WCAG
  • legislation
  • digital accessibility

• On Accessibility Policies for Higher Education Institutions

  Giorgio Brajnik, Sanela Graca (2018) — Proceedings of the 15th International Web for All Conference (W4A 2018)

  This short paper analyses the web accessibility policies of twenty universities across Europe, the USA, Canada, and Australia to identify what constitutes an effective accessibility policy and provide guidance for institutions creating or revising th…

  • web accessibility
  • higher education
  • accessibility policy
  • WCAG
  • organizational accessibility
  • compliance
  • Section 508
  • ADA
  • accessibility evaluation
  • governance

• Comparative Analysis of Web Accessibility Standards and Regulations

  Shantanu D. Ladkat (2019) — Proceedings of the 16th International Web for All Conference (W4A)

  This doctoral consortium paper proposes a comparative analysis of web accessibility standards and regulations across different regions and organizations. The author identifies a practical problem facing the accessibility industry: there is no systema…

  • accessibility standards
  • WCAG
  • Section 508
  • accessibility compliance
  • accessibility policy
  • project management
  • accessibility remediation

• Accessibility Information Needs in the Enterprise

  Sharon Snider, Willie L. Scott II, Shari Trewin (2020) — ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing (TACCESS)

  This paper from IBM presents the first empirical analysis of accessibility information needs within a large multinational enterprise, analyzing 439 unique accessibility questions and 362 unique keywords gathered over two years from FAQs, support chan…

  • enterprise accessibility
  • ontology
  • knowledge management
  • accessibility conformance
  • chatbot
  • question answering
  • WCAG
  • Section 508
  • accessibility testing
  • organizational accessibility