Glossary
Searchable terminology from accessibility, web standards, and related fields.
67 results found in Research Methodology.
- Acquiescence Bias (Agreement Bias, Yea-Saying)
- A type of response bias where survey respondents tend to agree with statements regardless of their actual content. This "yea-saying" tendency can skew research results, particularly in accessibility s…
- Affinity Diagram (Affinity Diagramming, KJ Method)
- A collaborative analysis method where team members organise large amounts of data — such as user research findings, design ideas, or usability issues — by writing individual items on sticky notes and …
- Agential Realism
- A theoretical framework developed by physicist-philosopher Karen Barad that rejects the idea of pre-existing, independent subjects and objects, arguing instead that phenomena emerge through specific "…
- Between-Subjects Design (Between-Groups Design, Independent-Groups Design)
- A between-subjects design is an experimental research design in which each participant is assigned to only one condition, and the conditions are compared across different groups of people. It contrast…
- Bibliometric analysis (Bibliometrics, Scientometrics)
- The quantitative study of scientific literature using statistical methods to analyse publication patterns, citation networks, authorship trends, and research impact. In accessibility research, bibliom…
- Big Five Personality Traits (Big Five, Five-Factor Model, OCEAN Model)
- A widely used psychological model that describes human personality along five trait dimensions: Openness to Experience, Conscientiousness, Extroversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism. Originally deve…
- Boundary Object
- A concept introduced by Star and Griesemer (1989) for artefacts, documents, or concepts that are flexible enough to be used across different communities of practice while retaining a recognisable iden…
- Codebook (Research) (Coding Manual, Qualitative Codebook)
- A codebook is a structured set of codes, definitions, and application rules used to systematically analyse qualitative data (interview transcripts, observation notes, documents) or to extract data fro…
- Constructivist Grounded Theory (CGT)
- A qualitative research methodology developed by Kathy Charmaz that adapts classic grounded theory by acknowledging that the researcher's theoretical commitments and lived experience shape the categori…
- Counterventions (Countervention)
- A concept introduced by Rua Williams, Louanne Boyd, and Juan Gilbert for reflexive interventions in HCI and design that unsettle ableist norms by shifting focus from individual deficit to exclusionary…
- Critical Realism (Transcendental Realism, Critical Naturalism)
- A philosophy of science developed by Roy Bhaskar that offers a middle position between positivism (reality is only what can be empirically observed) and radical constructivism (reality is entirely soc…
- Critical Technical Practice (CTP)
- A research stance, articulated by Philip Agre in 1997, in which technologists reflect critically on the assumptions built into their own systems while continuing to build. Critical technical practice …
- Cumulative Link Mixed Model (CLMM, Ordinal Mixed Model)
- A statistical model for analysing ordinal outcome data (such as Likert-scale ratings) that includes both fixed effects (experimental conditions) and random effects (participants, stimuli). CLMMs use a…
- Damage-centered Design (Damage-centered Research, Deficit-framed Design)
- An approach in HCI and design research that frames marginalized communities - including disabled people, BIPOC communities, and others - primarily through the lens of harms, deficits, and barriers to …
- Design-Based Research (DBR)
- A collaborative, iterative research methodology used in education and human-computer interaction that develops theory and refines interventions through cycles of design, implementation, evaluation, an…
- Disability-Centered Evaluation (Disability-Centric Evaluation, Disability-First Evaluation)
- An approach to evaluating AI systems, tools, or research artefacts that places disabled people's lived experiences, information needs, and failure contexts at the centre of study design — including wh…
- Disability-First Dataset (Disability-first AI dataset)
- An approach to AI dataset creation, articulated by Theodorou et al. and others, that treats serving a disability community as the primary objective rather than collecting disability data as a minority…
- Discriminative Ability (Discriminative ability of a metric, Discriminability)
- In accessibility research methodology, the property of an evaluation metric to reveal statistically significant differences between stimuli that are known to differ along the dimension being measured.…
- Disruptiveness index (D index, Disruption index, CD index)
- A bibliometric measure that quantifies the degree to which a scientific paper disrupts or consolidates existing knowledge. Calculated from citation patterns, it ranges from -1 (fully consolidating, wh…
- Embodied Knowledge (Embodied expertise, Lived knowledge)
- Knowledge that is grounded in bodily experience rather than externally observable behaviour or abstract rule - the kind of knowing a person who stutters has about the tension before a block, a blind p…