Glossary
Searchable terminology from accessibility, web standards, and related fields.
6660 terms — page 106 of 333
- Ear-EEG (Around-the-Ear EEG, cEEGrid)
- Ear-EEG refers to electroencephalography (EEG) recorded using electrodes placed in and around the ear canal rather than on the scalp. Consumer-grade ear-EEG devices such as cEEGrid sensors are unobtru…
- Earcon (Auditory icon)
- A brief, distinctive sound used in a user interface to convey information, status, or feedback non-visually. Earcons serve a similar function to visual icons but through the auditory channel. In acces…
- Early Blind (Congenitally Blind, Early Onset Blindness)
- A person who was born blind or lost their vision before approximately age 5-7, before visual memories and spatial concepts based on vision were fully established. Early blind individuals develop spati…
- Early Intervention (EI, Early Childhood Intervention)
- Services and support provided to infants and young children (typically birth to age 3 or 5) with developmental delays or disabilities, and their families. For DHH children, early intervention is criti…
- Early Intervention (EI, Early Childhood Intervention)
- Early intervention refers to services and supports provided to infants and young children (typically from birth to age six) who have developmental delays, disabilities, or conditions that place them a…
- Early intervention (Early childhood intervention, EI)
- A system of services and supports provided to infants and young children with developmental delays or disabilities, typically from birth to age three, and their families. Early intervention can includ…
- Early-Onset Dementia (Young-Onset Dementia, Working-Age Dementia)
- Dementia diagnosed before the age of 65, affecting individuals who are often still in the workforce and digitally active. Early-onset dementia presents unique accessibility challenges because affected…
- Earmarking (Money Earmarking)
- A financial-management practice, studied by sociologist Viviana Zelizer, in which people mentally or materially separate money into distinct categories tied to specific purposes (rent, groceries, savi…
- Easy Language (Easy-to-Read, Leichte Sprache, Easy Read, Einfache Sprache)
- A simplified form of written language designed to make information accessible to people with reading difficulties, including those with intellectual disabilities, prelingual hearing impairments, learn…
- Easy Read (Easy-to-Read, Easy Language, Plain Language for Cognitive Accessibility)
- A method of presenting written information in a way that is accessible to people with intellectual disabilities, learning difficulties, or low literacy. Easy Read uses short sentences, common everyday…
- Easy-to-Read (E2R, Easy Read, ETR)
- A content-simplification approach that presents information in short sentences, plain vocabulary, and clear structure to support readers with cognitive disabilities, learning difficulties, low literac…
- Eccentric Viewing (Eccentric Fixation)
- A visual strategy used by people with central vision loss (such as from macular degeneration) in which they learn to use a peripheral area of the retina — called a preferred retinal locus (PRL) — to l…
- Eccentric viewing (Preferred retinal locus, PRL)
- A viewing strategy used by people with central vision loss (such as from macular degeneration) in which they learn to look slightly off-center to use a healthier area of the retina instead of the dama…
- Echolalia (Echoing, Echolalic Speech)
- The repetition or echoing of words, phrases, or sounds spoken by others, commonly observed in individuals with autism spectrum disorder and some other developmental conditions. Echolalia can be immedi…
- Echolocation (Human echolocation, Active echolocation)
- The ability to determine the location and characteristics of objects by emitting sounds and interpreting their echoes. While commonly associated with bats and dolphins, many blind and low-vision indiv…
- Ecological Metaphor (Ecological Validity, Ecological Mapping)
- A design principle in sonification and auditory display where the mapping between data and sound aligns with users' real-world sensory and cognitive experience. For example, mapping obstacle distance …
- Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA, Experience Sampling)
- A research and clinical method that involves repeatedly sampling people's behaviors, experiences, and physiological states in real time within their natural environments. EMA typically uses smartphone…
- Ecological Systems Theory (Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Model, Bioecological Model)
- A developmental psychology framework created by Urie Bronfenbrenner that describes how individuals are influenced by multiple nested environmental systems: the microsystem (immediate settings like hom…
- Ecological Validity
- In user experience research, the degree to which a mediated experience feels natural, realistic, and believable—as if it could occur in a real-world context. In immersion measurement frameworks like t…
- Ecological validity (Real-world validity)
- The degree to which research findings from controlled laboratory settings accurately reflect behaviour and performance in real-world everyday contexts. In accessibility research, ecological validity i…