Glossary
Searchable terminology from accessibility, web standards, and related fields.
6660 terms — page 128 of 333
- Functional Literacy (Functional illiteracy)
- The level of reading and writing skill needed to handle everyday tasks — filling out forms, reading medication instructions, understanding a utility bill, using a web service. Adults below this thresh…
- Functional Near-Infrared Imaging (fNIR, fNIRS, Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy)
- A neuroimaging technique that measures brain activity by detecting changes in oxygenated blood volume using near-infrared light transmitted through the skull. In accessibility contexts, fNIR enables b…
- Functional Vision (Functional Visual Ability)
- How well a person uses their residual vision to perform routine tasks under various conditions throughout the day. Functional vision goes beyond clinical measures like visual acuity to assess practica…
- Functional Web Accessibility Evaluator (FAE, Functional Accessibility Evaluator)
- A web accessibility testing tool developed by the University of Illinois that evaluates websites based on coding techniques and best practices rather than simply checking for the presence or absence o…
- Functional accessibility
- The degree to which a device or interface is usable by a specific user or user profile, either directly or through the addition of assistive technology. A system is functionally accessible for a given…
- Functional affordance
- A design concept introduced in receptive design methodology that describes what a product or interface enables a user to do based on specific body functions, rather than general ability assumptions. U…
- Fundamental Frequency (F0, Pitch Frequency, Voice Pitch)
- The lowest frequency of a periodic sound wave, corresponding to the rate at which the vocal folds vibrate during voiced speech. Fundamental frequency (F0) is perceived by listeners as pitch and is a p…
- Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM, Fused Filament Fabrication, FFF)
- A 3D printing process that builds objects layer by layer by extruding heated thermoplastic filament through a nozzle. FDM is the most common and affordable 3D printing technology, making it widely use…
- Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF, Fused Deposition Modeling, FDM)
- A 3D printing technique that creates objects by depositing melted thermoplastic filament layer by layer. FFF printers heat plastic material (commonly PLA or ABS) and extrude it through a nozzle that m…
- Future Impact Barrier
- A type of access barrier where a task can be completed in the present without difficulty, but doing so will cause negative consequences in the future, such as triggering a migraine, causing cumulative…
- Future Workshop
- A participatory research method developed by Jungk and Mullert in 1987 that supports collective reflection and idea generation about possible futures. A Future Workshop typically unfolds in phases: cr…
- Fuzzy Logic (Fuzzy Inference)
- Fuzzy logic is a form of many-valued logic that deals with approximate reasoning, where truth values range continuously between 0 and 1 rather than being strictly true or false. In assistive technolog…
- GAIA (Guidelines for Accessible Interfaces for people with Autism, Guidelines for Accessible Interfaces for Autism)
- A set of design guidelines specifically developed to make digital interfaces more accessible for autistic users. GAIA addresses common barriers that autistic people face when using technology, includi…
- GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation)
- A comprehensive data privacy regulation enacted by the European Union in 2018 that governs how organizations collect, store, process, and share personal data of EU residents. GDPR establishes key prin…
- GIF (Graphics Interchange Format, Animated GIF)
- A file format originally created in 1987 for bundling multiple images that evolved into a widely used medium for short, silent, looping animations on the web and social media. GIFs are primarily used …
- GIGW (Guidelines for Indian Government Websites)
- A set of guidelines published by the Government of India that establishes standards for the design, development, and management of Indian government websites. GIGW includes requirements for web access…
- GIS (Geographic Information System, Geographic Information Systems)
- A class of software systems — such as ArcGIS, QGIS, and open-source geospatial libraries — that capture, store, manipulate, analyze, and visualize geographic and spatial data by linking location coord…
- GLAM (Galleries, Libraries, Archives, and Museums, Cultural Heritage Institutions)
- An umbrella acronym for cultural-heritage institutions: Galleries, Libraries, Archives, and Museums. GLAM is a common scoping term in accessibility research because these institutions hold large colle…
- GOMS (Goals, Operators, Methods, and Selection rules, KLM, Keystroke-Level Model, CPM-GOMS, CMN-GOMS)
- A family of human-computer interaction models used to predict how long it will take a user to complete a task with a given interface. GOMS stands for Goals, Operators, Methods, and Selection rules — t…
- GPS (Global Positioning System, GNSS, Satellite Navigation)
- The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based navigation system that provides location and time information to receivers on Earth. For accessibility, GPS is foundational to wayfinding apps …