Glossary
Searchable terminology from accessibility, web standards, and related fields.
6660 terms — page 134 of 333
- Goal-Setting Theory
- A motivational theory developed by Edwin Locke and Gary Latham proposing that setting specific, challenging goals leads to higher performance than vague or easy goals. In the context of ADHD support, …
- Goalball
- A Paralympic team sport specifically designed for athletes with visual impairments. Two teams of three players attempt to roll a ball containing internal bells into the opposing team's goal while defe…
- Gold-Standard Evaluation (Gold Standard, Reference Standard Evaluation)
- An evaluation methodology in natural language processing and generation where system output is compared against a set of pre-established correct or ideal responses. In text-based systems, gold-standar…
- Goldmann Perimetry (Goldmann Visual Field Test, Kinetic Perimetry)
- Goldmann perimetry is a clinical technique for mapping the visual field — the total area a person can see while fixating on a central point. The test uses a moving stimulus of controlled size and brig…
- GoodMaps
- GoodMaps is an accessible indoor navigation platform that provides detailed indoor maps and turn-by-turn navigation for blind and low-vision users in buildings such as airports, transit stations, hosp…
- Goodness of Pronunciation (GOP, GOP Score)
- A computational measure used in automatic speech recognition to assess how closely a spoken utterance matches expected pronunciation patterns. GOP scores are calculated by comparing phone sequences fr…
- Google Lighthouse (Lighthouse)
- An open-source automated tool developed by Google for auditing web pages across multiple quality dimensions including performance, accessibility, best practices, and SEO. Lighthouse's accessibility au…
- Gorilla Arm (Gorilla-arm effect, Gorilla arm syndrome)
- A well-documented ergonomic phenomenon in which sustained unsupported arm elevation — typical of mid-air touchscreen, vertical display, or extended reality (XR) gesture interaction — produces rapid sh…
- Gorilla Arm Syndrome (Gorilla Arm, Gorilla Arm Effect)
- Fatigue, pain, and discomfort in the arms and shoulders caused by prolonged use of interfaces that require sustained arm elevation without support. The term originates from early touchscreen computing…
- Government Digital Accessibility (Public Sector Accessibility, E-Government Accessibility)
- The requirement and practice of ensuring that government websites, online services, documents, and digital tools are accessible to all citizens, including those with disabilities. Many countries have …
- Grab Bar (Safety Rail, Support Bar, Handrail)
- A rigid, wall-mounted bar designed to provide support and stability for people who need assistance maintaining balance, transferring between positions, or preventing falls. Grab bars are most commonly…
- Graceful degradation (Graceful degradation)
- A design strategy in which web content built with newer or advanced technologies continues to function and remain accessible when those technologies are not supported by a user's browser or assistive …
- Grad-CAM (Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping)
- A widely used explainable AI technique, introduced by Selvaraju et al. in 2017, that produces a class-discriminative heat map over an input image by weighting convolutional feature maps by the gradien…
- Grade 1 Braille (Uncontracted Braille, Alphabetic Braille)
- The basic level of braille in which each letter, number, and punctuation mark is represented by its own distinct braille cell, with no abbreviations or contractions. Grade 1 braille is typically used …
- Grade 2 Braille (Contracted Braille)
- The standard form of braille used in most published materials, which employs contractions — single braille characters or short groups of characters that represent common words, letter combinations, or…
- Grammaticality (Grammatical correctness, Grammatical acceptability)
- The degree to which a sentence conforms to the grammatical rules of a language. In accessibility and NLP research, grammaticality is typically assessed via a 5-point Likert subjective judgement (e.g.,…
- Graph (Node-Edge Diagram, Network Diagram)
- A data structure and visual representation consisting of nodes (vertices) connected by edges (links) that represent relationships between entities. In computer science and mathematics, graphs are used…
- Graph Accessibility (Chart Accessibility, Data Visualization Accessibility)
- The practice of making charts, graphs, and other data visualisations perceivable and understandable to people with disabilities, particularly those who are blind or have low vision. Graph accessibilit…
- Graph Literacy (Graphical Literacy, Graphicacy)
- The ability to read, interpret, and construct graphs and other visual data representations. Graph literacy is a critical component of STEM education and is often tested as part of mathematics and scie…
- Graph theory
- A branch of mathematics that studies the relationships and connections between objects in an abstract sense. Graphs consist of nodes connected by edges, and can model a wide range of structures: roads…