Glossary
Searchable terminology from accessibility, web standards, and related fields.
6660 terms — page 167 of 333
- Language Model (Statistical Language Model, LM)
- A computational model that assigns probabilities to sequences of words, enabling prediction of likely next words or sentences in text. In assistive technology, language models power word and sentence …
- Language Remediation (Language Therapy, Language Intervention)
- Language remediation is the process of treating language disorders through structured intervention designed to improve a person's ability to understand and produce language. In the context of accessib…
- Language Understanding Intelligent Service (LUIS, Azure LUIS)
- A cloud-based Microsoft Azure service that applies machine learning to natural language text to predict meaning and extract relevant information. LUIS identifies user intents (what they want to do) an…
- Language-Based Learning Impairment (LLI, Language Learning Impairment, Language Learning Disability)
- A developmental condition in which children have difficulty acquiring language and later reading skills while other cognitive abilities appear relatively intact. Language-based learning impairments af…
- Languaging
- A sociolinguistic concept that reframes language as an ongoing activity rather than a fixed system. Developed by scholars including Alastair Pennycook and Li Wei, languaging treats communication as th…
- Langue des Signes Québécoise (LSQ, Quebec Sign Language)
- The sign language used by the Deaf community in francophone Quebec and in francophone Deaf communities elsewhere in Canada. LSQ is a distinct natural language with its own grammar, lexicon, and cultur…
- Large Language Model (LLM)
- A type of artificial intelligence model trained on vast amounts of text data to understand and generate human language. Large language models like GPT-4, Claude, and Gemini power many generative AI ap…
- Large Language Models (LLMs, foundation models)
- Large language models are AI systems trained on vast corpora of text data using transformer-based neural network architectures, enabling them to generate, summarize, translate, and reason about natura…
- Large Print (Large Type, Enlarged Print, Giant Print)
- Text or graphic material produced in a larger-than-standard font size to improve readability for people with low vision. Large print typically uses font sizes of 16 to 18 points or larger, though indi…
- Large Print Music (Enlarged Music, Large Print Notation)
- Music notation that has been enlarged from standard size to improve readability for musicians with low vision. Large print music is typically created by photocopying or printing scores onto A3 or tabl…
- Large Vision Model (LVM)
- A large vision model is a foundation model trained on very large image (and often video) datasets to produce general-purpose visual representations - capable of object detection, segmentation, caption…
- Large multimodal model (LMM, Multimodal AI, Vision-language model)
- An artificial intelligence model capable of processing and generating content across multiple modalities, such as text, images, and audio. Examples include GPT-4V and Gemini. In accessibility applicat…
- Large-Print Notation (Large-Print Music, Enlarged Music Notation)
- Sheet music that has been enlarged or reformatted with larger symbols and staves to improve readability for people with low vision. Large-print music notation requires a specialized conversion process…
- Large-Scale Web Accessibility Evaluation (Large-Scale Accessibility Assessment, Web Accessibility Survey)
- The systematic automated or semi-automated assessment of web accessibility across hundreds or thousands of websites to understand broad trends, compliance rates, and the overall state of accessibility…
- Laryngectomy (Total Laryngectomy)
- The surgical removal of the larynx (voice box), typically performed as treatment for advanced laryngeal or throat cancer. A total laryngectomy results in the permanent loss of the natural voice, as th…
- Laryngectomy (Larynx Removal, Voice Box Removal)
- A surgical procedure to remove all or part of the larynx (voice box), most commonly performed as treatment for laryngeal cancer. Total laryngectomy removes the entire larynx and separates the airway f…
- Laser Cutter (CO2 Laser Cutter)
- A digital fabrication machine that uses a focused laser beam to cut or engrave flat materials such as wood, acrylic, cardboard, leather, and some plastics. Along with 3D printers and CNC routers, lase…
- Last Meter Problem (Last Mile Problem, Final Approach Problem)
- In assistive technology for blind users, the challenge of bridging the gap between knowing an object exists and physically reaching or interacting with it. While object detection apps can identify wha…
- Last-Few-Meters Problem (Last 10 Meters Problem, Last Mile Problem (Navigation))
- The navigation challenge that occurs when GPS or other positioning systems bring a person with a visual impairment to the general vicinity of their destination (typically within 5-10 meters) but canno…
- Last-Few-Metres Problem (Last Few Meters Problem)
- The difficulty that blind and low-vision pedestrians face in the final short distance (roughly the last several metres) of a trip, where GPS accuracy degrades, building entrances are ambiguous, and di…