Glossary
Searchable terminology from accessibility, web standards, and related fields.
6660 terms — page 245 of 333
- Role Attribute (ARIA Role, WAI Role)
- An HTML attribute that defines the purpose or type of a user interface element, communicating its function to assistive technologies. Originally proposed as part of the XHTML namespace-based approach …
- Role Shifting (Referential Shift, Constructed Action)
- A narrative device in American Sign Language (and many other sign languages) in which a signer takes on the persona, gaze, and body posture of a character in a story, dropping the default "narrator" f…
- Role Switching (Role Rotation, Role Alternation)
- An educational strategy where learners alternate between different roles or responsibilities within a collaborative activity. In collaborative sign language learning, role switching allows players to …
- Role-Based Access Control (RBAC)
- An authorisation model in which system permissions are attached to roles (e.g., user, administrator, clinician, caregiver) and users are granted one or more roles rather than permissions directly. Wid…
- Role-play (Role-playing, Roleplay)
- A social behaviour in which a person treats a non-human or virtual agent as if it had a character, feelings, or agency — narrating its actions, giving it a name, addressing it in character, and ration…
- Roll-up Captions (Roll-up style, Scroll-up Captions)
- A captioning display style in which text is added one word or line at a time, scrolling upward as new text arrives and pushing earlier lines off the top. Roll-up is typically used in live captioning b…
- Rollator (Wheeled Walker, Rolling Walker)
- A walking frame equipped with wheels, handbrakes, and typically a built-in seat, designed to provide stability and support for people with mobility difficulties. Unlike standard walkers that must be l…
- Route Description (Verbal Route Description, Navigation Instructions)
- A verbal or written account of how to travel from one location to another, including directions, landmarks, warnings, and environmental features. Research with blind and partially sighted travelers ha…
- Route Knowledge (Procedural Knowledge, Sequential Knowledge)
- Route knowledge is a type of spatial understanding that consists of sequential, turn-by-turn information about how to get from one place to another along a specific path. In navigation for people with…
- Route Learning (Route Familiarization)
- The process by which a traveler — particularly a blind or low-vision person — acquires a mental representation of a specific path through an environment, including its turns, landmarks, distances, sur…
- Route Planning (Journey Planning, Pre-Journey Planning)
- The process of determining a path from an origin to a destination before travel begins, including selecting roads or paths, identifying landmarks and decision points, and considering factors such as s…
- Routine Infrastructuring
- A concept developed by Bryan Semaan describing community practices through which marginalised and oppressed groups continually reconfigure sociotechnical arrangements to sustain everyday life under pe…
- Routinisation (Routinization, Age-Related Routinisation)
- The tendency of older adults to increasingly organise their daily activities into fixed, predictable routines as they age. As cognitive resources decline, older adults optimise their remaining capacit…
- Row-Column Scanning (RCS, Grid Scanning, Two-Switch Scanning)
- The most widely used single-switch selection method for augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) devices and on-screen keyboards. Options are arranged in a two-dimensional grid, and the interf…
- Rubber Banding (Rubber-Band AI, Catch-Up Mechanic)
- A handicapping technique, common in racing games, that dynamically adjusts the speed or performance of leading and trailing players to keep them close together. Traditional rubber banding operates by …
- Ruby Annotation (Ruby Text, Furigana, Ruby Markup)
- Small glossing text placed above, beside, or below a base character to indicate pronunciation or meaning — most commonly used for Japanese furigana (kana reading hints above kanji), but also applied i…
- Rumination (Mental Compulsion, Obsessive Rumination)
- A repetitive, often circular pattern of thinking in which a person dwells on distressing thoughts, questions, or scenarios without reaching resolution. In OCD, rumination is a covert mental compulsion…
- Running Stitch (Back Stitch, Stem Stitch)
- A basic embroidery stitch that creates a dashed or continuous line by passing the needle in and out of the fabric at regular intervals. Running stitch and its variants (back stitch, stem stitch) are f…
- Runtime Accessibility (dynamic accessibility, on-demand accessibility adaptation)
- Runtime accessibility refers to the ability to modify, adapt, or enhance the accessibility of a software application or digital environment while it is actively running, rather than through static des…
- SAE Automation Levels (SAE J3016, Levels of Driving Automation)
- A six-level classification system (0-5) defined by SAE International that describes the degree of vehicle automation. Level 0 provides no automation; Levels 1-2 offer driver assistance features; Level…