Glossary
Searchable terminology from accessibility, web standards, and related fields.
6660 terms — page 246 of 333
- SAPI (Speech Application Programming Interface, Microsoft SAPI)
- The Speech Application Programming Interface (SAPI) is a Microsoft Windows API that enables applications to use speech recognition and text-to-speech synthesis. SAPI provides a standardized interface …
- SARI (System output Against References and against the Input sentence)
- An automatic evaluation metric for text simplification systems that compares a system’s output against both the original input sentence and a set of human-written simplification references, rewarding …
- SCORM (Sharable Content Object Reference Model)
- A set of technical standards for e-learning software products, originally developed by the Advanced Distributed Learning (ADL) initiative. SCORM defines how learning content is packaged, sequenced, an…
- SERPA (Streamlined Evaluation and Reporting Process for Accessibility)
- A programmer-centric methodology for conducting and reporting website accessibility evaluations, proposed by Law, Jacko, and Edwards in 2005. SERPA restructures the traditional accessibility evaluatio…
- SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language)
- An international standard (ISO 8879:1986) metalanguage for defining markup languages that describe the structure and content of electronic documents. SGML introduced foundational concepts including de…
- SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations)
- A unified framework for feature-importance explanations of machine-learning models, introduced by Lundberg and Lee in 2017, grounded in Shapley values from cooperative game theory. For any model and i…
- SHT Liaison (Smart Home Technology Liaison)
- A role identified in accessibility research where a non-disabled person—often a caregiver, family member, or friend—takes responsibility for researching, setting up, troubleshooting, and maintaining s…
- SIGACCESS (ACM SIGACCESS, SIGCAPH, Special Interest Group on Accessible Computing)
- The ACM Special Interest Group on Accessible Computing, the primary professional organization within ACM dedicated to accessibility research. Originally founded as SIGCAPH (Special Interest Group on C…
- SLPAT (Speech and Language Processing for Assistive Technologies)
- A special interest group jointly supported by the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL) and the International Speech Communication Association (ISCA), focused on speech and language technolo…
- SMART Matrix (Systems-Market Framework)
- A framework for understanding assistive technology ecosystems developed by MacLachlan et al. that analyzes AT provision at three levels: micro (individual user — matching products to needs), meso (ser…
- SMIL (Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language)
- A W3C XML-based markup language for describing multimedia presentations that combine audio, video, text, images, and other media with precise temporal and spatial synchronization. SMIL is significant …
- SMILES (Simplified Molecular-Input Line-Entry System)
- A text-based notation system that represents chemical molecular structures as short character strings, making them both machine-readable and human-readable. For accessibility, SMILES is significant be…
- SMOG (SMOG Index, SMOG Grade, Simple Measure of Gobbledygook)
- A readability formula developed by G. Harry McLaughlin in 1969 that estimates the years of education needed to understand a text, based on the number of polysyllabic words (three or more syllables) in…
- SMOTE (Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique)
- A data augmentation technique that addresses class imbalance in machine learning datasets by generating synthetic examples of the minority class rather than simply duplicating existing ones. SMOTE cre…
- SRT (SubRip, SubRip Text, SRT Subtitle Format)
- SRT (SubRip Text) is a widely used plain-text subtitle file format originally created by the SubRip software for extracting subtitles from DVDs. An SRT file contains sequentially numbered subtitle ent…
- STEAM (STEAM education)
- An extension of the STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) educational framework that explicitly integrates the Arts (design, music, visual art, storytelling, humanities). STEAM is o…
- STEM (STEM Education, Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics)
- An acronym for Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics, used to describe educational disciplines and career fields. In accessibility contexts, STEM engagement is particularly important becau…
- STEM Accessibility (Accessible STEM, STEM for Students with Disabilities)
- The design and delivery of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics education in ways that are accessible to students with disabilities. STEM accessibility is a particularly acute challenge f…
- STEM accessibility (Accessible STEM education)
- The practice of making science, technology, engineering, and mathematics education and activities accessible to people with disabilities. STEM fields present particular accessibility challenges becaus…
- STL File (Stereolithography File, Standard Triangle Language)
- A file format widely used in 3D printing that describes the surface geometry of a three-dimensional object using triangular facets. STL files are the standard format for sharing 3D-printable designs o…