Literature Reviews
Reviewed research papers, articles, and publications relevant to digital accessibility.
138 results found tagged machine learning.
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Reliability Aware Web Accessibility Experience Metric
This paper introduces RA-WAEM (Reliability Aware Web Accessibility Experience Metric), a novel approach to measuring website accessibility that incorporates actual user experience from people with disabilities while accounting for the varying reliabi…
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Semantic Content Analysis Supporting Web Accessibility Evaluation
This paper addresses a fundamental limitation of automated web accessibility evaluation tools: their inability to assess whether text alternatives actually describe the content they refer to. While tools can detect the presence of an alt attribute on…
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Accessify: An ML Powered Application to Provide Accessible Images on Web Sites
This demonstration paper presents Accessify, a browser plugin that uses machine learning to automatically generate alternative text descriptions for all images on a website, injecting them into the page’s DOM so screen readers can access them. The sy…
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Artificial Intelligence (AI) for Web Accessibility: Is Conformance Evaluation a Way Forward?
This short paper from three W3C/WAI staff members explores the potential and limitations of applying artificial intelligence to improve web accessibility, proposing accessibility conformance evaluation as a strategic pathway to accelerate AI adoption…
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An Intelligent Decision Support System for Stroke Rehabilitation Assessment
This student research abstract presents an interactive multimodal machine learning approach for automatically assessing upper-limb stroke rehabilitation exercises and supporting therapist decision-making. Physical rehabilitation is critical for peopl…
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Deep Learning for Automatically Detecting Sidewalk Accessibility Problems Using Streetscape Imagery
This paper presents the first application of deep learning to automatically assess sidewalk accessibility from Google Street View (GSV) panoramas, addressing four types of accessibility problems: curb ramps, missing curb ramps, sidewalk obstructions,…
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Revisiting Blind Photography in the Context of Teachable Object Recognizers
This paper introduces a real-time audio-haptic feedback system to help people with visual impairments frame objects in their smartphone camera when training teachable object recognizers. The challenge is that teachable recognizers — which let users t…
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Automatic Identification of Widgets and their Subcomponents Based on a Classification Pipeline for DOM Mutation Records
This paper presents a machine learning pipeline for automatically classifying web widgets (specifically dropdown menus) and their subcomponents by analyzing DOM mutation records — the dynamic changes that occur in a web page's HTML structure when use…
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A Computer Anxiety Model for Elderly Users Interacting with the Web
This paper presents a model for automatically detecting Computer Anxiety (CA) levels in older adults through analysis of their interaction logs while browsing the web. Computer Anxiety — defined as negative emotions and cognition processes evoked dur…
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SoundWatch: Exploring Smartwatch-based Deep Learning Approaches to Support Sound Awareness for Deaf and Hard of Hearing Users
This paper presents SoundWatch, a smartwatch-based sound awareness system that uses deep learning to classify environmental sounds in real time and provide visual and haptic notifications to deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) users. The research addresse…