Literature Reviews
Reviewed research papers, articles, and publications relevant to digital accessibility.
82 results found tagged virtual reality.
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A Virtual Reality-Based Exercise Program for Stroke Rehabilitation
This paper from Rutgers University presents a PC-based desktop virtual reality system designed to rehabilitate hand function in stroke patients. Stroke is identified as the leading cause of adult disability, with 65% of the nearly four million stroke…
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Making VRML Accessible for People with Disabilities
This paper from researchers at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) presents a taxonomy of techniques for making Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) environments accessible to people with disabilities. Written at a time when…
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VRML-Based Representations of ASL Fingerspelling on the World Wide Web
This paper presents techniques for representing American Sign Language (ASL) fingerspelling using 3D hand models in VRML 2.0 (Virtual Reality Modeling Language) on the World Wide Web. The authors argue that VRML offers a more effective way to documen…
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Haptic Virtual Reality for Blind Computer Users
This paper presents three experiments investigating how blind and sighted people perceive virtual textures and 3D objects through the Impulse Engine 3000, a force-feedback haptic device with a probe that users manipulate in three degrees of freedom. …
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Computer Generated 3-Dimensional Models of Manual Alphabet Handshapes for the World Wide Web
This paper from Gallaudet University and NASA Goddard Space Flight Center presents a web-based teaching tool for learning American Sign Language (ASL) fingerspelling through interactive 3D computer models. The authors created VRML (Virtual Reality Mo…
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PowerUp: An Accessible Virtual World
This paper describes the design and validation of accessibility features for PowerUp, an IBM-developed multiplayer 3D virtual world educational game aimed at middle school students. The researchers were tasked with making the game usable by players w…
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Accessibility of 3D Game Environments for People with Aphasia: An Exploratory Study
This paper reports on an exploratory study investigating how people with aphasia interact with 3D game environments and related technologies. Conducted as part of the GReAT (Gesture Recognition in Aphasia Therapy) project at City University London, t…
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An Immersive Physical Therapy Game for Stroke Survivors
This demo paper presents an immersive 3D game system designed to gamify physical therapy exercises for stroke survivors, enabling home-based rehabilitation that is both more engaging and capable of recording therapy progress. Stroke is identified as …
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Usability Issues with 3D User Interfaces for Adolescents with High Functioning Autism
This paper investigates how adolescents with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder (ASD) perform basic 3D user interface tasks compared to typically developed (TD) peers. While VR and 3D interfaces are increasingly used in ASD therapy (e.g., driv…
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Exploring Visual and Motor Accessibility in Navigating a Virtual World
This paper explores accessibility requirements for 3D virtual worlds, using PowerUp—an educational multiplayer game teaching middle schoolers about renewable energy—as a testbed. Virtual worlds present unique accessibility challenges: they rely on vi…