Glossary
Searchable terminology from accessibility, web standards, and related fields.
6660 terms — page 112 of 333
- End-to-End Verifiability (E2E Verifiability, E2EV)
- End-to-end verifiability (E2EV) is a property of voting systems that allows voters to independently verify that their ballot was cast as intended, recorded as cast, and counted as recorded — without r…
- End-to-End Verifiable Voting (E2E-V, End-to-End Verifiable Election System)
- A class of voting systems designed so that each voter can independently verify their vote was cast as intended, recorded as cast, and counted as recorded, while preserving ballot secrecy. Examples inc…
- Endangered Sign Language (Minority Sign Language, Under-Documented Sign Language)
- A sign language at risk of falling out of use, typically because the Deaf community that uses it is small, geographically isolated, or under pressure to adopt a dominant sign language. Most of the wor…
- EndeavorRx (Endeavor Rx, EndeavorRx DTx)
- The first FDA-cleared prescription digital therapeutic for children with ADHD, cleared in June 2020. EndeavorRx is a mobile video game designed to improve attention function in children aged 8-12 with…
- Endpoint Detection (Voice Activity Detection, VAD)
- The process by which a speech-recognition system decides when a user has finished speaking, so the system can stop listening and send the captured audio for recognition. Off-the-shelf voice assistants…
- Energy Conservation (Energy management)
- Energy conservation refers to a set of self-management strategies designed to help people with chronic conditions, fatigue-related disabilities, or fluctuating energy levels maintain function and inde…
- Enforced Trust (Compelled Trust)
- A dynamic in which blind people are required to trust technologies, sighted individuals, and systems without having independent means to verify the information or outputs provided to them. Enforced tr…
- Engagement Detection (Engagement Monitoring, Engagement Recognition)
- The use of sensors, computer vision, or other technologies to automatically assess whether a person is actively engaged with a task, device, or activity. Engagement detection systems typically monitor…
- English Literacy (Reading Literacy, English Reading Literacy)
- The ability to read, write, and comprehend written English. In the context of deaf and hard-of-hearing accessibility, English literacy is a significant consideration because many DHH individuals — par…
- English as a Second Language (ESL, ENL, ELL, TESOL, English Language Learner)
- English as a Second Language (ESL) refers to the teaching and learning of English by speakers of other languages. In accessibility contexts, language barriers are recognized as a significant form of e…
- Enhanced Activities of Daily Living (EADLs, EADL (gerontology), Advanced Activities of Daily Living)
- In gerontology and human-robot interaction research, the highest tier of everyday activities — higher-order social, recreational, and civic pursuits that enable full participation in society, such as …
- Enhanced Area Touch (Area Touch, Expanded Touch Area)
- A touchscreen interaction technique that enlarges the effective touch point from a single pixel to a larger circular area, expanding both the motor space (the physical area the user needs to target) a…
- Entity Density (Entity-Density Features)
- A discourse-level readability feature measuring how many distinct entities — named entities (people, places, organisations) and general nouns — a text introduces per sentence or document. High entity …
- Entity Grid (Entity-Grid Model)
- A model of local text coherence proposed by Barzilay and Lapata (2008) that represents a document as a two-dimensional grid: rows are sentences, columns are salient entities, and each cell records the…
- Entity-Relationship Diagram (ER Diagram, ERD)
- A type of relational diagram used in software engineering and database design to model the conceptual structure of a system by representing entities (objects or concepts), their attributes (properties…
- Environmental Awareness (Situational Awareness, Environmental Sound Awareness)
- The perception and understanding of what is happening in one's physical surroundings, particularly through auditory cues. For Deaf and hard of hearing individuals, environmental awareness is often red…
- Environmental Control (Environmental Control Unit, ECU, Smart Home Control)
- Technology that enables people with severe physical disabilities to independently control aspects of their environment such as lights, doors, temperature, televisions, phones, and other electronic dev…
- Environmental Control System (ECS, Electronic Aids to Daily Living, EADL, Environmental Control Unit)
- An environmental control system (ECS) is an assistive technology that enables people with physical disabilities to independently control devices and features in their environment, such as lights, door…
- Environmental Flow (Optic Flow, Sensory Flow)
- The ordered changes in a pedestrian's distances and directions to surrounding objects that occur while walking, providing continuous feedback about spatial position and movement through the environmen…
- Environmental Legibility (Legibility of the Environment, Spatial Legibility)
- The ease with which people can perceive, understand, and form mental maps of a physical environment in order to orient themselves and navigate through it. Coined by urban planner Kevin Lynch, legibili…