Glossary
Searchable terminology from accessibility, web standards, and related fields.
6660 terms — page 258 of 333
- Sexual Violence (Nonconsensual Sex)
- Any sexual act, attempt, or coercion that occurs without the freely given consent of the person involved. In accessibility research, sexual violence is a significant concern because disabled and neuro…
- Shadow Page (Shadow Site, Text-Only Alternative)
- A separate, simplified version of a web page created specifically to meet accessibility requirements, typically offering a text-only or reduced-complexity version of the original content. While shadow…
- Shadow Speaking (Shadow Captioning, Respeaking)
- A captioning technique where a trained human operator listens to live speech and repeats (or "respeaks") it clearly into a speech recognition system, which then generates real-time captions. The shado…
- Shadowban (Shadow-banning, Stealth Ban, Ghost Ban)
- Shadowbanning refers to the practice of secretly limiting or suppressing the visibility of a user's content or account on a social media platform without notifying the user that any action has been ta…
- Shannon Entropy (Information Entropy, Source Entropy)
- A measure of the average uncertainty or unpredictability associated with a set of possible outcomes, defined by Claude Shannon as H = -Σ p(x) log₂ p(x), where p(x) is the probability of each outcome. …
- Shape Display (2.5D Shape Display, Pin Display, Tactile Shape Display)
- A physical computing device consisting of a grid of motorised pins that can be raised and lowered to create dynamic tactile relief surfaces. Shape displays render digital 3D content as physical topogr…
- Shape-changing Interface (Shape-changing haptic interface, Morphing interface)
- A physical interface that conveys information by changing its own shape or physical orientation — for example, a servo-driven lever that rotates to point in a specific direction, a cube whose top half…
- Shared Augmented Reality (S-AR, Co-Located AR, Collaborative AR)
- An augmented reality setup in which multiple users share a spatially aligned view of virtual content anchored in the same physical environment. Each user wears a head-mounted display and can see and i…
- Shared Control (Collaborative Control, Shared Autonomy)
- An assistive technology design approach in which control over a system is dynamically distributed between a user with a disability and an assistant (human or automated), allowing each party to manage …
- Shared Mobility (Shared Transportation)
- Transportation services in which vehicles, rides, or trips are shared among multiple users, including ridesharing (Uber, Lyft), carsharing (Zipcar), bikesharing, scooter-sharing, microtransit, and — i…
- Shared Movement (Linked Locomotion, Guided Movement)
- A virtual reality interaction technique that allows one user to move through a virtual environment by attaching to or following another user's avatar, inspired by the physical sighted guide technique …
- Shared Reality (Shared Realities)
- Shared reality is the experience of a common inner state - thoughts, feelings, or perceptions about an object or situation - between two or more people, established through communication and mutual ac…
- Shared Visual Attention (Collective Visual Attention, Visual Joint Attention)
- A core feature of Deaf-centred interaction in which all participants coordinate their gaze, body orientation, and signing space so everyone can see the current signer, referenced content, and each oth…
- Shared control (Collaborative control, Blended control)
- A control paradigm in assistive technology where input from multiple sources — such as a wheelchair user and a companion, or a user and an autonomous system — is combined to produce a single action. S…
- Sheet Music (Musical Score, Written Music)
- A printed or digital document that uses musical notation to represent a musical composition, showing pitch, rhythm, dynamics, and other performance instructions through standardized symbols on a staff…
- Sheltered Employment (Sheltered Workshop, Sheltered Work)
- A form of employment in which people with disabilities work in a segregated setting, separate from the general labour market, typically under supervised conditions and often for below-minimum wage. Sh…
- Sheltered Employment (Sheltered Work, Sheltered Workshop, Protected Employment)
- A model of employment where people with disabilities work in a controlled environment specifically designed to accommodate their needs, typically with lower productivity expectations and specialized s…
- Shepard Tone (Shepard Scale, Shepard-Risset Glissando)
- A psychoacoustic auditory illusion created by layering sine waves separated by octaves, producing the paradoxical perception of a tone that continuously rises (or falls) in pitch indefinitely, yet cyc…
- Shift-Left Accessibility (Early-Stage Accessibility, Accessibility by Design)
- An approach to software development that moves accessibility considerations earlier in the development lifecycle — from testing and remediation phases to requirements gathering and design phases. The …
- Shoreline (Shoreline Technique, Trailing)
- In orientation and mobility, a shoreline refers to a consistent edge or boundary that a blind traveler follows for orientation and navigation. This can include the edge where a wall meets the floor, t…