Glossary
Searchable terminology from accessibility, web standards, and related fields.
6660 terms — page 46 of 333
- Bookshare
- An online library of accessible digital books for people with print disabilities, operated by the nonprofit Benetech. Bookshare hosts more than a million titles in formats suitable for screen readers,…
- Borderline Intellectual Functioning (BIF, borderline intellectual disability, slow learners)
- A condition describing individuals with IQ scores roughly between 70 and 85—above the diagnostic threshold for intellectual disability (IQ below 70) but below the neurotypical range. Representing abou…
- Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD)
- A mental health condition characterized by extreme fluctuations in mood, energy, and ability to function, along with patterns of unstable relationships, distorted self-image, and intense emotional res…
- Born Accessible (Born-Accessible, Accessibility-First)
- An approach to content creation where accessibility is designed in from the beginning rather than retrofitted afterward. Born accessible content is created with accessibility requirements as core spec…
- Borne-Accessible Document (born-accessible, natively accessible document)
- A document that is created accessibly from the outset—its semantic structure, headings, alt text, and tags are built in at authoring time rather than added later through remediation. Borne-accessible …
- Bounce Keys
- An operating system accessibility feature that introduces a brief delay after a key press during which the same key cannot be reactivated. This prevents bounce errors — unintentional repeated presses …
- Boundary Object
- A concept introduced by Star and Griesemer (1989) for artefacts, documents, or concepts that are flexible enough to be used across different communities of practice while retaining a recognisable iden…
- Boundary Objects (Boundary Object)
- A concept from Star and Griesemer (1989) describing artifacts that are structured enough to be understood by different social worlds but flexible enough to be interpreted differently by each one, allo…
- Bradykinesia (Slowness of Movement)
- Bradykinesia is a motor symptom characterized by slowness of movement and a progressive reduction in the speed and amplitude of repetitive actions. It is one of the cardinal symptoms of Parkinson's di…
- Braille (Braille System, Braille Code)
- A tactile writing system used by people who are blind or have low vision, consisting of patterns of raised dots arranged in cells of up to six dots in a 3x2 configuration. Each cell represents a lette…
- Braille Authority of North America (BANA)
- The standards-setting body responsible for establishing braille codes and guidelines for the production of braille materials in the United States and Canada. BANA publishes guidelines for tactile grap…
- Braille Cell (Braille Character, Six-Dot Cell)
- The fundamental unit of the Braille writing system, consisting of a rectangular arrangement of up to six raised dots in a 3x2 matrix (three rows, two columns). Each dot position is numbered 1-6, with …
- Braille Contractions (Braille Short Forms, Braille Abbreviations)
- Abbreviated representations in Grade 2 braille where a single braille cell or short sequence of cells stands for a common word, letter combination, or word fragment. For example, a single cell can rep…
- Braille Display (Braille Terminal, Refreshable Braille Display)
- An electromechanical device that displays braille characters using small pins that raise and lower dynamically, enabling blind users to read digital text through touch. Traditional braille displays pr…
- Braille Embosser (Braille Printer)
- A specialized printer that produces braille text and tactile graphics by pressing raised dots into heavy paper or card stock. Braille embossers range from personal devices to high-volume production ma…
- Braille Input (Braille Keyboard Input, Braille Screen Input)
- A text entry method that allows users to type characters using Braille code on a device, rather than a standard QWERTY keyboard. On touchscreen devices, Braille input typically maps finger taps or ges…
- Braille Label (Braille Signage, Braille Tag)
- A label or sign that includes text in Braille to provide information to people who read Braille. In museums and public spaces, Braille labels are placed on exhibits, room signs, elevator buttons, and …
- Braille Labeling (Braille Labels, Braille Signage)
- The practice of adding braille text to physical objects, signs, models, or controls to make them accessible to blind users who read braille. While braille labeling is important for accessibility in pu…
- Braille Literacy (Braille Reading and Writing)
- The ability to read and write using the braille system, a tactile code of raised dots representing letters, numbers, and symbols. Braille literacy is fundamental to educational achievement, employment…
- Braille Mathematics (Math Braille, Braille Math Notation)
- The various systems of Braille codes designed specifically to represent mathematical expressions, formulas, and notation in a tactile format readable by blind individuals. Because standard literary Br…