Literature Reviews
Reviewed research papers, articles, and publications relevant to digital accessibility.
60 results found tagged deaf accessibility.
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Captions Versus Transcripts for Online Video Content
This paper investigates a fundamental challenge for deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) users consuming online video: while hearing viewers can watch and listen simultaneously using separate sensory channels, DHH viewers must process two competing visual …
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How to Develop Accessible Web Interfaces for Deaf People?
This paper presents a systematic mapping study examining how web interfaces are being designed and implemented for deaf and hard of hearing users. The authors searched six databases and 17 conferences from 2005-2018, screening 469 publications to sel…
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Refreshable Braille Oral Appliance
This paper presents preliminary research toward developing a Refreshable Braille Oral Appliance (RBOA) — a refreshable Braille display embedded in an oral retainer that would allow users to read Braille with their tongue. The envisioned device connec…
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Scopist: Building a Skill Ladder into Crowd Transcription
This paper introduces Scopist, a JavaScript application designed to teach crowd workers stenotype — a chording-based text entry method used by professional real-time captioners — while they perform audio transcription microtasks. The research address…
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SoundWatch: Exploring Smartwatch-based Deep Learning Approaches to Support Sound Awareness for Deaf and Hard of Hearing Users
This paper presents SoundWatch, a smartwatch-based sound awareness system that uses deep learning to classify environmental sounds in real time and provide visual and haptic notifications to deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) users. The research addresse…
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Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Users' Preferences for Hearing Speakers' Behavior during Technology-Mediated In-Person and Remote Conversations
This paper presents the first quantitative evidence of Deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) individuals' preferences for specific speech and non-verbal behaviors from hearing conversational partners during technology-mediated communication. The researchers…
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Investigating Sign Language Interpreter Rendering and Guiding Methods in Virtual Reality 360-Degree Content
This paper explores how sign language interpretation can be effectively presented in virtual reality 360-degree (VR360) three-degrees-of-freedom video content. The research addresses a significant gap: while VR accessibility guidelines exist for subt…
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The Sem-Lex Benchmark: Modeling ASL Signs and their Phonemes
This paper introduces the Sem-Lex Benchmark, the largest curated dataset of its kind for American Sign Language (ASL) isolated sign recognition, containing over 84,000 videos of isolated sign productions from 41 deaf ASL signers. The dataset addresse…
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Using Convolutional Neural Networks for Visual Sign Language Recognition: Towards a system that provides instant feedback to learners of sign language
This short paper presents a prototype system that uses computer vision and a convolutional neural network (CNN) to recognize finger-spelled letters in British Sign Language (BSL), providing real-time feedback to learners. The system addresses a gap i…
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Accessible Gaming Through Better Captions: A Study on Captions Preferences and Inclusivity of Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Players
This study surveys 73 deaf and hard-of-hearing (d/Deaf) individuals about their preferences for caption design in video games, addressing a significant gap: while captioning standards exist for television and film, there are no universally accepted s…